Ray Somdattaa, Pal Pramod Kumar, Yadav Ravi
Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2020 Jul-Aug;23(4):449-457. doi: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_27_20. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive movements, postures, or both. Dystonic movements are typically patterned, associated with twisting of body parts, and may have tremulousness. Dystonia is usually initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most prevalent form of dystonia. CD is a condition characterized by cranial muscle overactivity leading to abnormal intermittent or continuous posturing of the head. Non-motor symptoms are comorbidity of dystonia, which significantly hampers the quality of life among these patients. The symptoms can be as a result of the dystonia itself. However, studies have highlighted the involvement of cortical-striatal-thalamocortical circuits in primary dystonia that could be the pathophysiological basis for the non-motor symptoms. The non-motor symptoms that are commonly associated with dystonia are anxiety, depression, restless leg syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive disturbances, and poor sleep. This review attempts to summarize the literature on non-motor symptoms in patients with CD.
肌张力障碍是一种运动障碍，其特征为持续性或间歇性肌肉收缩，导致异常的、通常为重复性的运动、姿势或两者皆有。肌张力障碍性运动通常具有特定模式，与身体部位的扭转有关，且可能伴有震颤。肌张力障碍通常由自主动作引发或加重，并伴有肌肉过度激活。颈部肌张力障碍（CD）是最常见的肌张力障碍形式。CD是一种以颅部肌肉过度活动导致头部异常间歇性或持续性姿势为特征的病症。非运动症状是肌张力障碍的合并症，严重影响这些患者的生活质量。这些症状可能是肌张力障碍本身所致。然而，研究强调了皮质-纹状体-丘脑-皮质回路在原发性肌张力障碍中的作用，这可能是非运动症状的病理生理基础。通常与肌张力障碍相关的非运动症状包括焦虑、抑郁、不宁腿综合征、日间过度嗜睡、认知障碍和睡眠不佳。本综述旨在总结关于CD患者非运动症状的文献。
