Crump Andy, Tanimoto Tetsuya
Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
JMA J. 2020 Oct 15;3(4):295-302. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0073. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
Japan, like many other parts of the world, is under threat from newly emerging, potentially fatal diseases. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), first clinically identified in 2009, is an emerging tick-borne hemorrhagic viral disease, currently limited in distribution to East Asia. Relatively little is known about the disease with an initial Case Fatality Rate ranging from 5% to 40%. It primarily affects the elderly living in rural areas, which is particularly troublesome given Japan's rapidly aging population. Control efforts are severely hampered by lack of specific knowledge of the disease and its means of transmission, coupled with the absence of both a vaccine and an effective treatment regime, although some antiviral drugs and blood transfusions are successful in treating the disease. Despite both the causative virus and vector ticks being commonly found throughout Japan, the disease shows a very specific, limited geographical distribution for as yet unknown reasons.
与世界上许多其他地区一样，日本正受到新出现的、可能致命的疾病的威胁。严重发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）于2009年首次在临床上得到确认，是一种新出现的蜱传出血性病毒性疾病，目前仅在东亚地区有分布。人们对这种疾病了解相对较少，其初始病死率在5%至40%之间。它主要影响居住在农村地区的老年人，鉴于日本人口迅速老龄化，这一情况尤其棘手。由于对该疾病及其传播途径缺乏具体了解，同时又没有疫苗和有效的治疗方案，控制工作受到严重阻碍，尽管一些抗病毒药物和输血治疗该病取得了成功。尽管致病病毒和传播媒介蜱在日本各地普遍存在，但出于尚不明确的原因，该疾病呈现出非常特殊、有限的地理分布。
