College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Behav Med. 2022 Jul-Sep;48(3):147-161. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1842316. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
Many psychological inclinations, such as maladaptive beliefs, can diminish the capacity of individuals to manage their weight effectively and sustainably. Yet, interventions that purportedly address these psychological inclinations and improve weight management are not always beneficial. To be effective, these interventions should offer participants several choices, should be devoid of features that have not been validated in isolation, and should arrange the various activities in an efficient and effective sequence. Few if any programs fulfill these criteria. The aim of this paper was to construct an intervention that assimilates all the validated features of interventions that overcome the psychological impediments to weight loss. To achieve this goal, we blended a technique called intervention component analysis with thematic analysis. Specifically, we extracted refereed journal articles about weight loss from PsycInfo, distilled the practical recommendations from these articles, excluded recommendations that had not been validated in isolation of other features, integrated overlapping recommendations, and applied several principles to arrange these recommendations into the most effective sequence. This procedure generated an intervention that could comprise up to 43 features and activities, including self-affirmation to foster openness to change, anecdotes about dramatic improvements, ambitious rather than modest targets, an emphasis on strategies rather than targets, rewards for attempts, implementation intentions with partners, self-hypnosis, cognitive reframing, and distancing. If these features are unsuccessful, practices that demand more resources-such as group disclosure, virtual environments, motivational interviewing, and customized programs-were also recommended.
许多心理倾向，如适应不良的信念，会降低个体有效和持续管理体重的能力。然而，旨在解决这些心理倾向并改善体重管理的干预措施并不总是有益的。为了有效，这些干预措施应该为参与者提供多种选择，应该没有未经单独验证的特征，并且应该以有效和有效的顺序安排各种活动。很少有（如果有的话）计划符合这些标准。本文的目的是构建一种干预措施，该措施将克服减肥心理障碍的干预措施的所有经过验证的特征融合在一起。为了实现这一目标，我们将一种称为干预成分分析的技术与主题分析相结合。具体来说，我们从 PsycInfo 中提取了关于减肥的经过同行评审的期刊文章，从这些文章中提炼出实用建议，排除了与其他特征单独验证的建议，整合了重叠的建议，并应用了一些原则将这些建议安排到最有效的顺序中。该程序生成的干预措施最多可包含 43 个功能和活动，包括自我肯定以促进对变革的开放、关于显著改善的轶事、雄心勃勃而非适度的目标、强调策略而非目标、奖励尝试、与伴侣一起制定实施意图、自我催眠、认知重构和距离。如果这些特征不成功，还建议采用需要更多资源的实践，例如小组披露、虚拟环境、动机访谈和定制计划。
