Elezi Fatime, Tafani Griselda, Sotiri Eugjen, Agaj Herta, Kola Kristi
Neuroscience Department, Psychiatric Emergency Unit, University Health Clinic "Mother Teresa", Tirane, Albania.
Student, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirane, Albania.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2020 Sep;62(Suppl 3):S470-S475. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_842_20. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Albanian authorities declared mandatory stay-at-home measures, closing businesses, schools, and public places. This study aims to investigate the impact of these immediate changes on the mental well-being of the population.
Respondents ( = 1678) aged 18-60 years were selected through a convenient sampling method. A questionnaire was administered online for 26 days, where respondents reported the time spent daily in the COVID-19 topic and filled in their generalities, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.
Findings suggest a significant negative correlation between age and anxiety scoring ( = = -0.121, ≤ 0.001) and between age and depression scoring ( = = -0.232, ≤ 0.001), shown also on the ANOVA test for age and anxiety ( = 6.019, ≤ 0.05), where younger populations had higher anxiety levels, as well as age and depression ( = 20.326, ≤ 0.05), where older populations had higher levels of depression. Differences on the level of education resulted in a lower score of anxiety and depression ( = 3.524, ≤ 0.05; = 7.739, ≤ 0.05, respectively) on respondents with higher education. Those who found themselves jobless from the pandemic scored higher on anxiety and depression ( = 9.760, ≤ 0.05; M = 6.21, ds = 4.686 and = 16.051, ≤ 0.05; M = 8.18, ds = 5.791, respectively) compared with those who are still working. Significant differences were found on the ANOVA test related to different amounts of time spent daily on the COVID-19 topic for anxiety and depression ( = 25.736, ≤ 0.001; = 5.936, ≤ 0.003, respectively), with people who spend <1 h scoring higher on depression (M = 7.57, ds = 5.849) and those who spent >3 h scoring higher on anxiety (M = 6.76, ds = 5.60). On the -test, people on a romantic relationship scored lower levels of depression (t = -4.053, ≤ 0.0001) compared to single individuals, and females scored higher levels of anxiety ( = 12.344, ≤ 0.001) compared to males.
Younger participants score higher levels of anxiety and depression. Higher education individuals show lower levels of anxiety and depression. Having a job translates into lower levels of anxiety and depression. People who spent more time on the COVID-19 topic daily have higher levels of anxiety, whereas those who spent less time have higher levels of depression. Being in a romantic relationship relates to lower levels of depression. Females report higher levels of anxiety compared to males.
在新冠疫情期间，阿尔巴尼亚当局宣布实施强制居家措施，关闭企业、学校和公共场所。本研究旨在调查这些即时变化对民众心理健康的影响。
通过便利抽样法选取了1678名年龄在18至60岁之间的受访者。通过在线方式发放问卷，为期26天，受访者报告了每天花在新冠疫情相关话题上的时间，并填写了个人基本信息、患者健康问卷-9（Patient Health Questionnaire-9）和广泛性焦虑障碍量表-7（Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7）。
研究结果表明，年龄与焦虑评分之间存在显著负相关（r = ρ = -0.121，p ≤ 0.001），年龄与抑郁评分之间也存在显著负相关（r = ρ = -0.232，p ≤ 0.001），这在年龄与焦虑的方差分析测试中也得到体现（F = 6.019，p ≤ 0.05），即年轻人群的焦虑水平更高，在年龄与抑郁的方差分析测试中（F = 20.326，p ≤ 0.05），老年人群的抑郁水平更高。教育程度的差异导致高等教育受访者的焦虑和抑郁得分较低（分别为F = 3.524，p ≤ 0.05；F = 7.739，p ≤ 0.05）。与仍在工作的人相比，因疫情失业的人在焦虑和抑郁方面得分更高（分别为F = 9.760，p ≤ 0.05；M = 6.21，ds = 4.686和F = 16.051，p ≤ 0.05；M = 8.18，ds = 5.791）。在与每天花在新冠疫情相关话题上的不同时间量有关的焦虑和抑郁的方差分析测试中发现了显著差异（分别为F = 25.736，p ≤ 0.001；F = 5.936，p ≤ 0.003），每天花费时间少于1小时的人在抑郁方面得分更高（M = 7.57，ds = 5.849），而花费时间超过3小时的人在焦虑方面得分更高（M = 6.76，ds = 5.60）。在t检验中，处于恋爱关系中的人抑郁水平得分低于单身人士（t = -4.053，p ≤ 0.0001），女性焦虑水平得分高于男性（t = 12.344，p ≤ 0.001）。
年轻参与者的焦虑和抑郁水平得分更高。受过高等教育的人焦虑和抑郁水平较低。有工作意味着焦虑和抑郁水平较低。每天花在新冠疫情相关话题上时间更多的人焦虑水平更高，而花时间较少的人抑郁水平更高。处于恋爱关系中与较低的抑郁水平相关。女性报告的焦虑水平高于男性。
