Dr. B.R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jan;133:110891. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110891. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) develops within 3-14 days when CoV2 invades epithelial, myeloid cells in the nasopharynx and pneumocytes in the respiratory tract through angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2). Infection swiftly disseminates to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal organs as well as immune system to deregulate their normal functioning through unique and distinct mechanisms. The health system and economy has been intensely thwarted by the rapid spread and exorbitant mortality caused by COVID-19 disease across the globe. The acute progression of the disease and high infection rate pose an enormous challenge for its therapeutic management and critical care. The viral structure, genome and proteome have been deciphered which yielded cues for targeting already available therapeutic entities. More than 200 compounds have been screened and till date approximately 69 therapeutic agents are undergoing clinical trials across the world. Among these, remedesivir (RMD), chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), noscapine (NOS) and heparin have demonstrated fairly promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Recently, RMD has been approved by USFDA for the management of COVID 19. However, intense research is going on to screen and ace the 'magic bullets' for the management of SARS-CoV2 infection worldwide. The current review illustrates the plausible therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV2 important for inhibition of virus cycle. In addition, the role of RMD, CQ, HCQ, NOS and heparin in combating infection has been addressed. The importance of vitamin C and D supplements as adjunct therapies in the prevention of SARS-CoV2 virus infection have also been summarized.
严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）在冠状病毒 2 型（CoV2）通过血管紧张素转换酶（ACE2）侵袭鼻咽部上皮细胞和呼吸道的髓样细胞以及肺细胞后 3-14 天内发展。感染迅速传播到胃肠道、心血管、肾脏器官以及免疫系统，通过独特而不同的机制扰乱其正常功能。COVID-19 疾病在全球范围内的迅速传播和过高死亡率强烈阻碍了卫生系统和经济的发展。该疾病的急性进展和高感染率对其治疗管理和重症监护构成了巨大挑战。病毒结构、基因组和蛋白质组已被破译，为靶向现有治疗实体提供了线索。已经筛选了 200 多种化合物，迄今为止，全球约有 69 种治疗药物正在进行临床试验。其中，瑞德西韦（RMD）、氯喹（CQ）、羟氯喹（HCQ）、那可丁（NOS）和肝素在临床前和临床试验中表现出相当有希望的结果。最近，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）已批准 RMD 用于 COVID-19 的治疗。然而，全世界正在进行密集的研究，以筛选和确定用于治疗 SARS-CoV2 感染的“神奇子弹”。目前的综述说明了 SARS-CoV2 中抑制病毒周期的潜在治疗靶点。此外，还讨论了 RMD、CQ、HCQ、NOS 和肝素在对抗感染中的作用。还总结了维生素 C 和 D 补充剂作为预防 SARS-CoV2 病毒感染的辅助疗法的重要性。
