Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 43800, PR China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jan;133:111008. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111008. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
The ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn the attention of researchers and clinicians from several disciplines and sectors who are trying to find durable solutions both at preventive and treatment levels. To date, there is no approved effective treatment or vaccine available to control the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The preliminary in vitro studies on viral infection models showed potential antiviral activities of type I and III interferons (IFNs), chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and azithromycin (AZM); however, the clinical studies on COVID-19 patients treated with CQ/HCQ and AZM led to controversies in different regions due to their adverse side effects, as well as their combined treatment could prolong the QT interval. Interestingly, the treatment with type I IFNs showed encouraging results. Moreover, the different preliminary reports of COVID-19 candidate vaccines showcase promising results by inducing the production of a high level of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and specific T cell-mediated immune response in almost all participants. The present review aims to summarize and analyze the recent progress evidence concerning the use of IFNs, CQ/HCQ, and AZM for the treatment of COVID-19. The available data on immunization options to prevent the COVID-19 are also analyzed with the aim to present the promising options which could be investigated in future for sustainable control of the pandemic.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的持续大流行引起了来自多个学科和领域的研究人员和临床医生的关注，他们试图在预防和治疗两个层面找到持久的解决方案。迄今为止，尚无经批准的有效治疗方法或疫苗可用于控制 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。针对病毒感染模型的初步体外研究显示，I 型和 III 型干扰素（IFN）、氯喹（CQ）/羟氯喹（HCQ）和阿奇霉素（AZM）具有潜在的抗病毒活性；然而，由于其不良反应，以及联合治疗可能会延长 QT 间期，在 COVID-19 患者中使用 CQ/HCQ 和 AZM 的临床研究在不同地区引发了争议。有趣的是，I 型 IFN 的治疗效果令人鼓舞。此外，COVID-19 候选疫苗的不同初步报告显示出可喜的结果，几乎所有参与者都能诱导产生高水平的中和抗体（NAb）和特异性 T 细胞介导的免疫反应。本综述旨在总结和分析 IFN、CQ/HCQ 和 AZM 治疗 COVID-19 的最新进展证据。还分析了预防 COVID-19 的免疫接种选择的现有数据，目的是提出有希望的选择，以便在未来对大流行进行可持续控制进行研究。
