PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 19;17(22):8584. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228584.
The purposes of this study were: (a) to describe the patterns of modes of commuting to school (children) and to work (parents) separated by gender and age, (b) to validate the questions on children's mode of commuting to and from school according to their parents, and (c) to analyse the reliability of a family questionnaire focused on commuting to school behaviours. A total of 611 parents (mean age: 43.28 ± 6.25 years old) from Granada (Spain) completed "Family commuting-to-school behaviour" questionnaire in two sessions separated by 14 days, (2016 and 2018). The validation between family and children's questions was assessed using the Kappa and Spearman correlation coefficients, and the test-retest reliability within the family questions was assessed using the Kappa and the weighted Kappa. The children's modes of commuting to school (mean age: 11.44 ± 2.77 years old) were mainly passive (57.7% to school) while parents' modes of commuting to work were mainly active (71.6%). The validity of the mode of commuting was significant with high Kappa and Spearman coefficients. The test-retest reliability presented a good agreement for the mode of commuting to school in children, distance and time to school, and the mode of commuting to work in parents, while the questions on acceptable distance to walk or cycle to school showed a moderate to good agreement. The "Family commuting-to-school behaviour" questionnaire could be a useful tool to assess the mode of commuting of children, distance and time to school for researchers and practitioners.
(a) 按性别和年龄描述儿童(上学)和家长(上班)上下学的交通方式模式；(b) 根据家长来验证有关儿童上下学交通方式的问题；(c) 分析专门针对上下学交通行为的家庭调查问卷的可靠性。共有 611 名家长(平均年龄：43.28 ± 6.25 岁)于 2016 年和 2018 年分两次完成了“家庭上下学交通行为”问卷，两次间隔 14 天。使用 Kappa 和 Spearman 相关系数评估家庭和儿童问题之间的验证，使用 Kappa 和加权 Kappa 评估家庭问题内的测试-重测信度。儿童上下学的交通方式(平均年龄：11.44 ± 2.77 岁)主要是被动的(57.7%上学)，而家长上班的交通方式主要是主动的(71.6%)。交通方式的有效性具有显著的高 Kappa 和 Spearman 系数。儿童上下学的交通方式、上学距离和上学时间以及家长上班的交通方式的测试-重测信度具有良好的一致性，而可接受的步行或骑车上学距离的问题则显示出中等到良好的一致性。“家庭上下学交通行为”问卷可以成为研究人员和从业者评估儿童上下学交通方式、上学距离和时间的有用工具。
