Villa-González Emilio, Ruiz Jonatan R, Mendoza Jason A, Chillón Palma
Department of Physical Culture, School of Health Sciences, National University of Chimborazo, Avda. Antonio José de Sucre, Km. 1 1/2 vía a Guano, Riobamba, Ecuador.
PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. Alfacar, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Jan 5;17(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3934-8.
Active commuting to school has declined over time, and interventions are needed to reverse this trend. The main objective was to investigate the effects of a school-based intervention on active commuting to school and health-related fitness in school-age children of Southern Spain.
A total of 494 children aged 8 to 11 years were invited to participate in the study. The schools were non-randomly allocated (i.e., school level allocation) into the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG). The EG received an intervention program for 6 months (a monthly activity) focused on increasing the level of active commuting to school and mainly targeting children's perceptions and attitudes. Active commuting to school and health-related fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and speed-agility), were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Children with valid data on commuting to school at baseline and follow-up, sex, age and distance from home to school were included in the final analysis (n = 251). Data was analyzed through a factorial ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test.
At follow up, the EG had higher rates of cycling to school than CG for boys only (p = 0.04), but not for walking to school for boys or girls. The EG avoided increases in the rates of passive commuting at follow up, which increased in the CG among girls for car (MD = 1.77; SE = 0.714; p = 0.010) and bus (MD = 1.77; SE = 0.714; p = 0.010) modes. Moreover, we observed significant interactions and main effects between independent variables (study group, sex and assessment time point) on health-related fitness (p < 0.05) over the 6-month period between groups, with higher values in the control group (mainly in boys).
A school-based intervention focused on increasing active commuting to school was associated with increases in rates of cycling to school among boys, but not for walking to school or health-related fitness. However, the school-based intervention avoided increases in rates of passive commuting in the experimental group, which were significantly increased in girls of the control group.
随着时间的推移，主动步行或骑车上学的情况有所减少，因此需要采取干预措施来扭转这一趋势。主要目的是调查一项以学校为基础的干预措施对西班牙南部学龄儿童主动步行或骑车上学以及健康相关体能的影响。
共邀请了494名8至11岁的儿童参与研究。学校被非随机分配（即按学校级别分配）到实验组（EG）或对照组（CG）。实验组接受了为期6个月的干预计划（每月一次活动），重点是提高主动步行或骑车上学的水平，主要针对儿童的认知和态度。在基线和干预结束时测量主动步行或骑车上学情况以及健康相关体能（即心肺功能、肌肉力量和速度敏捷性）。最终分析纳入了在基线和随访时具有有效上学通勤数据、性别、年龄以及家到学校距离的儿童（n = 251）。数据通过析因方差分析和Bonferroni事后检验进行分析。
在随访时，仅在男孩中，实验组骑车上学的比例高于对照组（p = 0.04），但在男孩或女孩步行上学方面并非如此。实验组在随访时避免了被动通勤比例的增加，而对照组中女孩乘坐汽车（MD = 1.77；SE = 0.714；p = 0.010）和公交车（MD = 1.77；SE = 0.714；p = 0.010）的被动通勤比例有所增加。此外，在6个月期间，我们观察到自变量（研究组、性别和评估时间点）之间在健康相关体能方面存在显著的交互作用和主效应（p < 0.05），对照组的值更高（主要是男孩）。
一项以学校为基础的旨在增加主动步行或骑车上学的干预措施与男孩骑车上学比例的增加相关，但与步行上学或健康相关体能无关。然而，该以学校为基础的干预措施避免了实验组被动通勤比例的增加，而对照组女孩的被动通勤比例显著增加。
