Hazzazi Loai Wadea, Soto-Rojas Armando E, Martinez-Mier E Angeles, Nassar Hani M, Eckert George J, Lippert Frank
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
J Public Health Dent. 2025 Mar;85(1):21-28. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12649. Epub 2024 Nov 6.
To investigate the effect of water filter pitchers on the concentration of different minerals in tap water.
Nine water filter pitchers (A-I) were chosen based on consumer preferences and Amazon reviews. Each filter was tested for its ability to modify the concentrations of fluoride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in tap water. Tap water samples were collected before and after filtration, at various intervals (1, 5, 10, 30, 50, 75, and 100 L) during filtration, and analyzed using an ion-specific electrode (fluoride) and atomic absorption spectrometry (other minerals). Statistical analyses were conducted to compare filtered and unfiltered water mineral concentrations.
Water filter pitcher effect: Filters F (p < 0.001) and G (p = 0.030) decreased fluoride concentrations. All filters except I (p = 0.235) and H (p = 0.717) decreased calcium concentrations (p < 0.01). Filters E (p = 0.018), D (p = 0.014), and G (p = 0.010) decreased magnesium concentrations. Filters I (p = 0.028) and D (p = 0.009) increased potassium concentrations. Filter A (p = 0.002) increased sodium concentrations, while C (p = 0.034) decreased sodium concentrations. Effect of filter aging: All filters affected mineral concentrations over time but to varying extents. Filter G had the most pronounced effect on reducing mineral concentrations compared to all others. No filter was able to completely remove fluoride from tap water, contrary to the claims made by three manufacturers.
The present study highlighted that water filter pitchers vary greatly in their ability to affect mineral concentrations in tap water during their use. Further research is needed to develop more effective water treatment solutions.
研究滤水壶对自来水中不同矿物质浓度的影响。
根据消费者偏好和亚马逊评论选择了9个滤水壶（A - I）。测试每个滤水壶改变自来水中氟化物、钙、镁、钾和钠浓度的能力。在过滤前和过滤后的不同时间间隔（1、5、10、30、50、75和100升）采集自来水样本，并使用离子特异性电极（氟化物）和原子吸收光谱法（其他矿物质）进行分析。进行统计分析以比较过滤水和未过滤水的矿物质浓度。
滤水壶的效果：滤水壶F（p < 0.001）和G（p = 0.030）降低了氟化物浓度。除滤水壶I（p = 0.235）和H（p = 0.717）外，所有滤水壶均降低了钙浓度（p < 0.01）。滤水壶E（p = 0.018）、D（p = 0.014）和G（p = 0.010）降低了镁浓度。滤水壶I（p = 0.028）和D（p = 0.009）提高了钾浓度。滤水壶A（p = 0.002）提高了钠浓度，而滤水壶C（p = 0.034）降低了钠浓度。滤水壶老化的影响：所有滤水壶随着时间推移都会影响矿物质浓度，但程度不同。与其他所有滤水壶相比，滤水壶G对降低矿物质浓度的影响最为显著。与三家制造商的说法相反，没有滤水壶能够完全去除自来水中的氟化物。
本研究强调，滤水壶在使用过程中影响自来水中矿物质浓度的能力差异很大。需要进一步研究以开发更有效的水处理解决方案。
