Neugebauer Michael, Ebert Matthias, Vogelmann Roger
II. Medizinische Klinik Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universitätsmedizin Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
II. Medizinische Klinik Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universitätsmedizin Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2020 Dec;158-159:74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2020.10.009. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
The current COVID-19 pandemic reveals the dangerousness of infectious diseases and the threats we face. Often however, effective vaccinations are carried out insufficiently. In March 2020, the German measles protection law was introduced to raise the level of population (herd) immunity to over 95 %.
An anonymous online survey was conducted among the population on the Measles Protection Act with self-declarations on measles vaccination/illness of participants and their children and evaluation of various sanctions.
1,594 adults participated. 19.3 % were affected by the law. Of these, only 77.5 % were immune to measles, 14.0 % wanted to be fully vaccinated when the law came into force, which would lead to 91.5 % immunity. Assuming that participants with unclear vaccination status or measles disease are immune, an immunity of>95 % can be achieved. 86.4 % of the children (aged 2 to 17 years) had developed immunity. Parents' willingness to have their children vaccinated because of the sanctions provided for in the Measles Protection Act was only 0.8 %.
The level of immunity to measles in adults and children was under 95 % in our study. The sanctions of the Measles Protection Act are a greater incentive for adults to undergo measles vaccination than for parents. Strategies to increase immunity with the target group of parents should continue to be pursued.
当前的新冠疫情揭示了传染病的危险性以及我们所面临的威胁。然而，有效的疫苗接种往往执行不力。2020年3月，德国出台了麻疹保护法，以将人群（群体）免疫力提高到95%以上。
针对麻疹保护法对人群进行了一项匿名在线调查，参与者自行申报麻疹疫苗接种/患病情况以及其子女的情况，并对各种制裁措施进行评估。
1594名成年人参与了调查。19.3%的人受该法律影响。其中，只有77.5%的人对麻疹免疫，14.0%的人希望在法律生效时进行全程接种，这将使免疫力达到91.5%。假设疫苗接种状况不明或患过麻疹的参与者具有免疫力，则可实现超过95%的免疫力。86.4%的儿童（2至17岁）已产生免疫力。由于麻疹保护法规定的制裁措施，家长让孩子接种疫苗的意愿仅为0.8%。
在我们的研究中，成人和儿童的麻疹免疫力水平低于95%。麻疹保护法的制裁措施对成年人接种麻疹疫苗的激励作用大于对家长的激励作用。应继续推行针对家长这一目标群体提高免疫力的策略。
