Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital.
MGH Weight Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2021 Feb 1;28(1):46-54. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000592.
Approximately 2.6 million people die each year secondary to obesity related diseases. The risk of developing serious comorbidities depends on the age of onset as well as duration of obesity. In this review, we discuss trends in BMI trajectories from early childhood to adulthood with latest evidence on comorbidities in adulthood stemming from pediatric obesity and benefits of early intervention and treatment in childhood obesity.
Childhood obesity poses high risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and some types of cancer in adulthood. Early life obesity also increases risks of developing menstrual irregularities, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Several grave concerns including malignancies, autoimmune disorders, higher asthma morbidity, and psychiatric implications are found to be associated with childhood obesity. Disease outcomes can be transgenerational, causing suboptimal health in children of mothers with obesity. Encouragingly, many risks associated with childhood obesity can be reduced, delayed, or even reversed by early resolution of obesity necessitating close BMI monitoring and treatment early.
Early identification and aggressive management of childhood obesity is critical in prevention of debilitating comorbidities in adult life.
每年约有 260 万人死于肥胖相关疾病。发生严重合并症的风险取决于发病年龄和肥胖持续时间。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了从儿童期到成年期 BMI 轨迹的趋势，并根据儿科肥胖导致的成年期合并症的最新证据，以及儿童肥胖早期干预和治疗的益处进行了讨论。
儿童肥胖会增加成年后患 2 型糖尿病、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和某些类型癌症等代谢和心血管疾病的风险。生命早期肥胖也会增加月经不调、不孕和妊娠并发症的风险。许多严重问题，包括恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、更高的哮喘发病率和精神影响，都与儿童肥胖有关。疾病结果具有代际传递性，会导致肥胖母亲的孩子健康状况不佳。令人鼓舞的是，许多与儿童肥胖相关的风险可以通过早期解决肥胖来降低、延迟甚至逆转，这需要密切监测 BMI 并尽早进行治疗。
早期识别和积极管理儿童肥胖对于预防成年期致残性合并症至关重要。
