Educational Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3600, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2021 Mar;50(3):521-535. doi: 10.1007/s10964-020-01346-3. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
Bystander intervention on behalf of victims of peer aggression is credited with reducing victimization, yet little is known about how bystanders evaluate their intervention efforts. African-, European-, Mexican-, and Native-American adolescents (N = 266) between 13 and 18 years (M = 15.0, 54% female) recounted vengeful and peaceful responses to a peer's victimization. For comparison, they also described acts of personal revenge. Youth's explanations of how they evaluated each action were coded for goals and outcomes. Befitting its moral complexity, self-evaluative rationales for third-party revenge cited more goals than the other two conditions. References to benevolence and lack thereof were more frequent after third-party revenge compared to personal revenge. Concerns that security was compromised and that actions contradicted self-direction were high after both types of revenge. Third-party resolution promoted benevolence, competence, self-direction, and security more than third-party revenge. Epistemic network analyses and thematic excerpts revealed the centrality of benevolence goals in adolescents' self-evaluative thinking. Self-focused and identity-relevant goals were cited in concert with benevolence after third-party intervention.
旁观者代表受同伴攻击的受害者进行干预，被认为可以减少受害者的受害程度，但人们对旁观者如何评估自己的干预努力知之甚少。非洲裔、欧洲裔、墨西哥裔和美洲原住民青少年（N=266）年龄在 13 至 18 岁之间（M=15.0，54%为女性），讲述了对同伴受害的报复性和平和反应。为了比较，他们还描述了个人报复行为。根据他们对每种行为的评价，对青少年的解释进行了目标和结果的编码。符合其道德复杂性，第三方复仇的自我评估理由比其他两种情况提到的目标更多。与个人复仇相比，第三方复仇后提到的仁慈和缺乏仁慈的情况更为频繁。对安全受到威胁以及行为与自我导向相矛盾的担忧在两种复仇之后都很高。第三方解决方案比第三方复仇更能促进仁慈、能力、自我导向和安全。认识网络分析和主题摘录揭示了仁慈目标在青少年自我评估思维中的核心地位。在第三方干预后，与仁慈一起提到了以自我为中心和与身份相关的目标。
