Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey.
Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109371. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109371. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Members of Scorzonera genus are known for their potential application in both food and pharmaceutical industries. The present study reports the chemical component and bioactivity of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol and infused extracts of Scorzonera hieraciifolia Hayek aerial parts and roots. The methanolic extracts of both aerial parts and roots were good sources of total phenolic and flavonoid content. For the aerial parts, the infused and methanolic extracts showed highest (p < 0.05) free radical scavenging (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)), reducing (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC))and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and metal chelating capacities. Whilst, for the root extracts, overall most remarkable free scavenging and reducing activity was observed for the methanolic extracts (p < 0.05) while the hexane extracts showed highest metal chelating activity. The inhibitory activity of the extracts was evaluated against key enzymes. Overall, the hexane extracts of both aerial parts (acetylcholinesterase (AChE): 2.27 ± 0.04 and butyrlcholinesterase (BChE): 5.75 ± 0.48 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g) and roots (AChE: 2.44 ± 0.35 and BChE: 53.17 ± 0.22 mg GALAE/g) were most potent against AChE and BChE, suggesting a role for the more lipophilic compounds in this regard. The highest inhibitory activity against tyrosinase was displayed by methanolic extracts of aerial parts (64.70 ± 0.26 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g) and roots (63.63 ± 0.20 mg KAE/g). Modest activity was observed against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, two major enzymes implicated in the pathology of diabetes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed the presence of 40 compounds such as caffeic, ursolic, betulinic and oleanolic acid and their derivatives in the studied extracts. Multivariate analysis showed that the biological activities were dependent on the plant parts used as well as on the type of solvent used. Overall, the results showed that S. hieraciifolia is a valuable source of phytochemicals for both the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.
Scorzonera 属的成员因其在食品和制药行业的潜在应用而闻名。本研究报告了 Scorzonera hieraciifolia Hayek 地上部分和根的二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、甲醇和浸提物的化学成分和生物活性。地上部分和根的甲醇提取物均是总酚和类黄酮含量的良好来源。对于地上部分，浸提物和甲醇提取物表现出最高的（p<0.05）自由基清除（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼基（DPPH）和 2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS））、还原（铜还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC））和铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP））和金属螯合能力。而对于根提取物，整体而言，甲醇提取物表现出最显著的游离清除和还原活性（p<0.05），而正己烷提取物表现出最高的金属螯合活性。提取物对关键酶的抑制活性进行了评估。总体而言，地上部分的正己烷提取物（乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）：2.27±0.04 和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）：5.75±0.48mg 加兰他敏当量（GALAE）/g）和根（AChE：2.44±0.35 和 BChE：53.17±0.22mg GALAE/g）对 AChE 和 BChE 的抑制作用最强，表明在这方面更多亲脂性化合物发挥了作用。地上部分甲醇提取物（64.70±0.26mg 曲酸当量（KAE）/g）和根（63.63±0.20mg KAE/g）对酪氨酸酶表现出最高的抑制活性。对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出适度的活性，这两种酶与糖尿病的病理有关。液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）和核磁共振（NMR）分析表明，在所研究的提取物中存在 40 种化合物，如咖啡酸、熊果酸、齐墩果酸和齐墩果酸及其衍生物。多元分析表明，生物活性取决于所用植物部分和所用溶剂类型。总的来说，结果表明 S. hieraciifolia 是营养保健品和制药行业中植物化学物质的宝贵来源。
