Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey.
Food Funct. 2021 Apr 26;12(8):3443-3454. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02968h.
The genus Limonium includes important halophyte plants containing a variety of bioactive compounds of therapeutic interest. In the present work, the untargeted phytochemical profiles of both aerial part and root extracts from six Limonium species namely, L. bellidifolium, L. globuliferum, L. gmelinii, L. lilacinum, L. sinuatum and L. iconicum from Turkey were determined. Furthermore, several biological activities (in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects) were investigated. Overall, significant amounts of total phenolics (43.64-238.18 mg g-1) and flavonoids (1.61-129.69 mg g-1) were recorded. Particularly, the root extracts of L. gmelinii, L. iconicum and L. globuliferum showed the highest total phenolic content (204.13-238.18 mg g-1), whilst the highest total flavonoid content was recorded in the root extracts of L. gmelinii (129.69 mg g-1). Overall, the tested extracts demonstrated potent radical scavenging activities in both DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (90.10-507.94 mg g-1 and 163.39-1175.34 mg g-1, respectively). However, the highest scavenging potential (p < 0.05) was displayed by the root extracts of L. iconicum. Conversely, the metal chelating ability assay revealed that L. lilacinum root extract showed the highest activity (21.03 mg g-1). Interestingly, all the extracts were found to be active inhibitors of cholinesterases (AChE (acetylcholinesterase): 4.20-5.11 mg GALAE (galantamine equivalent) per g; BChE (butyrylcholinesterase): 3.89-10.75 mg GALAE per g), amylase (0.52-1.09 mmol ACAE (acarbose equivalent) per g) and tyrosinase (119.41-155.67 mg KAE (kojic acid equivalent) per g), unlike for glucosidase (2.31-2.41 mmol ACAE per g). Taken together, these findings demonstrated a diverse chemical profiles and biological of the extracts, to be potentially considered as phytotherapeutic or functional ingredients due to their antioxidant properties and inhibition of key enzymes involved in several diseases.
该属包括重要的盐生植物，含有多种具有治疗兴趣的生物活性化合物。在本工作中，测定了来自土耳其的六种 Limonium 种，即 L. bellidifolium、L. globuliferum、L. gmelinii、L. lilacinum、L. sinuatum 和 L. iconicum 的地上部分和根提取物的非靶向植物化学特征。此外，还研究了几种生物活性（体外抗氧化和酶抑制作用）。总体而言，记录了大量的总酚（43.64-238.18 mg g-1）和类黄酮（1.61-129.69 mg g-1）。特别是，L. gmelinii、L. iconicum 和 L. globuliferum 的根提取物表现出最高的总酚含量（204.13-238.18 mg g-1），而 L. gmelinii 的根提取物表现出最高的总类黄酮含量（129.69 mg g-1）。总体而言，测试提取物在 DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）和 ABTS（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）中均表现出强大的自由基清除活性（分别为 90.10-507.94 mg g-1 和 163.39-1175.34 mg g-1）。然而，L. iconicum 的根提取物表现出最高的清除潜力（p < 0.05）。相反，金属螯合能力测定表明，L. lilacinum 根提取物表现出最高的活性（21.03 mg g-1）。有趣的是，所有提取物均被发现是胆碱酯酶（AChE（乙酰胆碱酯酶）：4.20-5.11 mg GALAE（加兰他敏当量）/g；BChE（丁酰胆碱酯酶）：3.89-10.75 mg GALAE/g）、淀粉酶（0.52-1.09 mmol ACAE（阿卡波糖当量）/g）和酪氨酸酶（119.41-155.67 mg KAE（曲酸当量）/g）的有效抑制剂，而不是葡萄糖苷酶（2.31-2.41 mmol ACAE/g）。总之，这些发现表明提取物具有多样化的化学特征和生物活性，由于其抗氧化特性和对多种疾病相关关键酶的抑制作用，可被视为植物治疗或功能性成分。
