Girardelo Julheli R, Munari Eduarda L, Dallorsoleta Julio C S, Cechinel Gustavo, Goetten André L F, Sales Luziane R, Reginatto Flávio H, Chaves Vitor C, Smaniotto Franciele A, Somacal Sabrina, Emanuelli Tatiana, Benech Juan Claudio, Soldi Cristian, Winter Evelyn, Conterato Greicy M M
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109615. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109615. Epub 2020 Aug 5.
Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) is a native tree species from Brazil that has been scarcely studied. We investigated the phenolic composition, the antioxidant capacity and the antitumoral activity of ethanolic extracts from fruits (FE) and seeds (SE) of E. involucrata. Six anthocyanins were identified by UPLC-PDA/MS/MS in FE, being four derived from cyanidin, and the other ones derived from delphinidin and pelargonidin. Using HPLC-PDA, FE presented a larger number of phenolic compounds (epicatechin, catechin, rutin, ellagic acid, myricetin and quercetin) than SE, which did not show myricetin and quercetin. However, SE showed higher total phenolic content and generally stronger in vitro antioxidant capacity than FE, except that only FE exhibited superoxide radical scavenging activity, which may be attributed to the anthocyanins present in fruits. Additionally, only SE exhibited antitumoral activity in a pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). The antitumoral mechanisms involved imbalance of antioxidant status, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytoskeleton disassembly and induction of cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Compared to the standard antitumoral drug gemcitabine, SE exhibited higher antitumoral efficacy and selectivity index. The highest concentration of total phenolics and of specific phenolic compounds bearing antitumoral properties may be related to the antitumoral activity of SE. Our results corroborate previous data of E. involucrata as an important source of bioactive compounds and provide, for the first time, evidences of in vitro antitumoral potential of its seeds on pancreatic cancer cell line.
番樱桃（Eugenia involucrata DC.，桃金娘科）是一种原产于巴西的树种，目前对其研究甚少。我们研究了番樱桃果实（FE）和种子（SE）乙醇提取物的酚类成分、抗氧化能力和抗肿瘤活性。通过超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列-串联质谱（UPLC-PDA/MS/MS）在FE中鉴定出六种花青素，其中四种源自矢车菊素，另外两种分别源自飞燕草素和天竺葵素。使用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列（HPLC-PDA）分析发现，FE中的酚类化合物（表儿茶素、儿茶素、芦丁、鞣花酸、杨梅素和槲皮素）比SE多，SE中未检测到杨梅素和槲皮素。然而，SE的总酚含量更高，体外抗氧化能力总体上也比FE更强，不过只有FE表现出超氧阴离子自由基清除活性，这可能归因于果实中存在的花青素。此外，只有SE在胰腺癌细胞系（PANC-1）中表现出抗肿瘤活性。其抗肿瘤机制包括抗氧化状态失衡、线粒体膜电位改变、细胞骨架解体以及通过凋亡和坏死诱导细胞死亡。与标准抗肿瘤药物吉西他滨相比，SE表现出更高的抗肿瘤疗效和选择性指数。总酚类化合物以及具有抗肿瘤特性的特定酚类化合物的最高浓度可能与SE的抗肿瘤活性有关。我们的结果证实了之前关于番樱桃是生物活性化合物重要来源的数据，并首次提供了其种子对胰腺癌细胞系具有体外抗肿瘤潜力的证据。
