Olika Keyata Ebisa, Tola Yetenayet B, Bultosa Geremew, Fikreyesus Forsido Sirawdink
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Wollega University, P.O. Box 38, Shambu, Ethiopia; Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Department of Post-Harvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109724. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109724. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
In Ethiopia, particularly in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, there are several underutilized plants like Figl (Raphanus sativus), Girgir (Eruca sativa) and Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa) which are cultivated and consumed only by the local communities. However, information on nutrient, anti-nutrient contents and mineral bioavailability of edible parts of these plants are limited. Given this, leaves and roots of Figl, leaves of Girgir, calyces and seeds of Karkade were evaluated for their proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient contents following the standard analytical methods. The result on dry matter basis revealed that protein contents (26.32 g/100 g) were high for brown seeds of Karkade, dried leaves of Figl (26.71 g/100 g) and Girgir (24.23 g/100 g). The fat and energy contents were high for seeds of Karkade (15.58-18.00 g/100 g; 371.64-376.69 kcal/100 g). The fiber content was high for dried leaves of Figl (28.39 g/100 g) and low for calyces of Karkade (15.33-16.54 g/100 g). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in terms of mineral contents. The dried leaves of Figl were high in calcium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus contents while dried leaves of Girgir were high in iron and zinc contents. With exception of oxalate content, seeds of Karkade were low in tannin, phytate and alkaloid. The phytate: mineral ratio analysis showed the bioavailability of iron is likely to be inhibited from roots of Figl and calyces of Karkade; zinc bioavailability from calyces of Karkade which suggests processing for phytate reduction is important. The result showed the seeds of Karkade are good sources of protein, fat and energy with low antinutritional contents that may favor mineral bioavailability with potential for utilization in baby food formulations to alleviate protein energy malnutrition. The leaves of Figl and Girgir can also be exploited in different food formulations to improve macro and micronutrient deficiency.
在埃塞俄比亚，特别是在本尚古勒-古穆兹地区，有几种未得到充分利用的植物，如菲吉尔（萝卜）、吉尔吉尔（芝麻菜）和卡尔卡德（玫瑰茄），这些植物仅由当地社区种植和食用。然而，关于这些植物可食用部分的营养成分、抗营养成分和矿物质生物利用率的信息有限。鉴于此，按照标准分析方法对菲吉尔的叶和根、吉尔吉尔的叶、卡尔卡德的花萼和种子的近似成分、矿物质和抗营养成分进行了评估。以干物质为基础的结果显示，卡尔卡德棕色种子、菲吉尔干叶（26.71克/100克）和吉尔吉尔（24.23克/100克）的蛋白质含量较高。卡尔卡德种子的脂肪和能量含量较高（15.58 - 18.00克/100克；371.64 - 376.69千卡/100克）。菲吉尔干叶的纤维含量较高（28.39克/100克），卡尔卡德花萼的纤维含量较低（15.33 - 16.54克/100克）。矿物质含量存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。菲吉尔干叶的钙、钠、钾和磷含量较高，而吉尔吉尔干叶的铁和锌含量较高。除草酸盐含量外，卡尔卡德种子的单宁、植酸盐和生物碱含量较低。植酸盐与矿物质比率分析表明，菲吉尔根和卡尔卡德花萼中的铁生物利用率可能受到抑制；卡尔卡德花萼中的锌生物利用率也受到抑制，这表明降低植酸盐含量的加工很重要。结果表明，卡尔卡德种子是蛋白质、脂肪和能量的良好来源，抗营养成分含量低，这可能有利于矿物质生物利用率，有潜力用于婴儿食品配方中以缓解蛋白质能量营养不良。菲吉尔和吉尔吉尔的叶子也可用于不同的食品配方中，以改善常量和微量营养素缺乏的情况。
