Mazur-Bialy Agnieszka Irena, Kołomańska-Bogucka Daria, Tim Sabina, Opławski Marcin
Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Zlotej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Kraków, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2020 Nov 21;9(11):3749. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113749.
From the beginning of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, special attention has been paid to pregnant women and to monitoring comorbidities, such as gestational diabetes and hypertension, which could increase their risk of disease and death. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available knowledge on the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women as well as the risk of maternal-fetal transmission. The study indicated that the course of COVID-19 is worse in pregnant women who are more often admitted to intensive care units or who require mechanical ventilation than nonpregnant women with COVID-19. Some symptoms, such as dyspnea and cough, were similar to those observed in nonpregnant women, but fever, headache, muscle aches, chills, and diarrhea were less frequent. A study revealed that premature delivery and cesarean section were more common in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. In addition, recent studies confirm the possibility of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission by positive genetic tests and the presence of IgM in newborns just after delivery; at the moment, the probability of transmission through mother's milk is inconclusive. Considering all the above, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an important factor that threatens the health and life of both the mother and the fetus, but further studies are still needed.
自2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行开始以来，孕妇以及对合并症（如妊娠期糖尿病和高血压）的监测受到了特别关注，这些合并症可能会增加她们患病和死亡的风险。本综述的目的是综合关于COVID-19在孕妇中的病程以及母婴传播风险的现有知识。研究表明，与感染COVID-19的非孕妇相比，更常入住重症监护病房或需要机械通气的孕妇的COVID-19病程更严重。一些症状，如呼吸困难和咳嗽，与在非孕妇中观察到的症状相似，但发热、头痛、肌肉疼痛、寒战和腹泻的发生率较低。一项研究表明，被诊断为COVID-19的孕妇早产和剖宫产更为常见。此外，最近的研究通过阳性基因检测以及新生儿出生后立即出现IgM证实了宫内母婴传播的可能性；目前，通过母乳传播的可能性尚无定论。考虑到上述所有情况，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染是威胁母亲和胎儿健康与生命的一个重要因素，但仍需要进一步研究。
