Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2020 Nov 20;36Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e00136620. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00136620. eCollection 2020.
Immunization, the most successful public health intervention to date, can only be effective if eligible individuals or their legal representatives have access to vaccines and subsequently comply with their use. Under-vaccination stems from multiple causes: access, affordability, awareness, acceptance and activation. In this paper, we focus on acceptance and, specifically, on factors pertaining to individual or parental compliance, specifically the psychology of judgment and decision making. We describe how heuristics and cognitive biases - a facet of thoughts and feelings - affect vaccination decision making. Additionally, we address when and how social processes play a role and how attitudes towards vaccines might reflect a more general underlying attitude or ideology. The understanding of how decision making, with regards to vaccines occurs, and the role played by heuristics and cognitive biases can help inform more appropriate public health interventions.
免疫接种是迄今为止最成功的公共卫生干预措施，只有符合条件的个人或其法定代表能够获得疫苗，并随后遵守疫苗的使用规定，才能发挥作用。疫苗接种不足有多种原因：可及性、可负担性、意识、接受度和激活。本文重点关注接受度，具体而言，关注与个人或父母遵守规定相关的因素，特别是判断和决策的心理学。我们描述了启发式和认知偏差（思维和感觉的一个方面）如何影响疫苗接种决策。此外，我们还探讨了社会过程何时以及如何发挥作用，以及对疫苗的态度如何反映更普遍的潜在态度或意识形态。了解疫苗接种决策的过程以及启发式和认知偏差所起的作用，可以帮助制定更恰当的公共卫生干预措施。
