González-Sanguino Clara, Ausín Berta, Castellanos Miguel Ángel, Saiz Jesús, López-Gómez Aída, Ugidos Carolina, Muñoz Manuel
Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences Department, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Nov 9;11:565474. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565474. eCollection 2020.
Covid-19 remains a pandemic that most countries in the world are still dealing with. This is study aims to report the psychological impact of Covid-19 over time on the Spanish population. A longitudinal study ( = 1041) was carried out with two measurements: after 2 and 5 weeks starting from the declaration of the state of emergency in Spain. The presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disease (PTSD) was evaluated by means of screening tests. Sociodemographic data, variables about Covid-19, loneliness, spiritual well-being, social support, discrimination, and a sense of belonging were collected. The data showed how depressive symptomatology increased significantly over time, while anxiety and PTSD did not show statistically significant changes. Spiritual well-being and loneliness were the main predictors of psychological impact. A younger age was a significant predictor of depression and anxiety, while female gender was associated with anxiety and PTSD. The impact of the pandemic is sustained over time, even increasing in depression, and vulnerable groups that need greater psychological health support could be identified.
新冠疫情仍是一场全球大多数国家仍在应对的大流行病。本研究旨在报告新冠疫情随时间推移对西班牙民众产生的心理影响。开展了一项纵向研究（n = 1041），进行了两次测量：从西班牙宣布进入紧急状态起2周和5周后。通过筛查测试评估抑郁症状、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的存在情况。收集了社会人口统计学数据、关于新冠疫情的变量、孤独感、精神幸福感、社会支持、歧视和归属感。数据显示，抑郁症状随时间显著增加，而焦虑和创伤后应激障碍未显示出统计学上的显著变化。精神幸福感和孤独感是心理影响的主要预测因素。较年轻的年龄是抑郁和焦虑的显著预测因素，而女性与焦虑和创伤后应激障碍有关。疫情的影响随时间持续存在，甚至在抑郁方面有所增加，并且可以确定需要更多心理健康支持的弱势群体。
