Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, School of Psychology, Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, School of Psychology, Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:172-176. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040. Epub 2020 May 13.
The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. This is the first study in the scientific literature reporting the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak in a sample of the Spanish population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. The presence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated with screening tests from 14 March. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data was collected. Additionally, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support, discrimination and sense of belonging were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive, 21.6% anxiety and 15.8% PTSD symptoms. Being in the older age group, having economic stability and the belief that adequate information had been provided about the pandemic were negatively related to depression, anxiety and PTSD. However, female gender, previous diagnoses of mental health problems or neurological disorders, having symptoms associated with the virus, or those with a close relative infected were associated with greater symptomatology in all three variables. Predictive models revealed that the greatest protector for symptomatology was spiritual well-being, while loneliness was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety and PTSD. The impact on our mental health caused by the pandemic and the measures adopted during the first weeks to deal with it are evident. In addition, it is possible to identify the need of greater psychological support in general and in certain particularly vulnerable groups.
由 COVID-19 引起的大流行是全球范围内前所未有的社会和卫生紧急情况。这是科学文献中首次报道 COVID-19 爆发对西班牙人群心理影响的研究。通过对 3480 人进行在线调查，进行了一项横断面研究。使用 3 月 14 日开始的 14 项筛查测试评估抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的存在。收集了社会人口统计学和与 COVID-19 相关的数据。此外，评估了精神幸福感、孤独感、社会支持、歧视和归属感。进行了描述性分析并编制了线性回归模型。该样本的 18.7%显示出抑郁症状，21.6%显示出焦虑症状，15.8%显示出 PTSD 症状。处于较年长的年龄组、经济稳定以及认为已提供有关大流行的充足信息与抑郁、焦虑和 PTSD 呈负相关。然而，女性性别、先前有心理健康问题或神经紊乱的诊断、出现与病毒相关的症状或有密切接触的感染者与所有三种变量的更大症状相关。预测模型表明，精神幸福感是症状的最大保护因素，而孤独感是抑郁、焦虑和 PTSD 的最强预测因素。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及最初几周为应对大流行而采取的措施是显而易见的。此外，可以确定在一般人群中以及在某些特别脆弱群体中需要更大的心理支持。
