Zheng Xiao-Dong, Cheng Jin, Qin Wen-Juan, Balsai Nyamsuren, Shang Xuan-Jian, Zhang Meng-Ting, Chen Hong-Quan
School of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Key Laboratory of Anhui Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding, Hefei, China.
Front Genet. 2020 Nov 3;11:562855. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562855. eCollection 2020.
Wandong (WD) cattle has recently been identified as a new Chinese native cattle breed by the National Commission for Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources. The population size of this breed is less than 10,000. WD cattle and Dabieshan (DB) cattle are sympatric but are raised in different ecological environments, on mountains and plains, respectively, and the body sizes of these two breeds are markedly different. Blood samples were obtained from 8 adult female WD cattle and 7 adult female DB cattle (24 months old). The total RNA was extracted from leukocyte cells, and sequencing experiments were conducted on the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. After the removal of one outlier sample from the WD cattle breed as determined by principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic and population structure analyses indicated that WD and DB cattle formed a distinct Central China cattle group and showed evidence of hybridization between and . The immune-regulator CD48 ( = 1.3E-6) was associated with breed-specific traits according to loss-of-function variant enrichment analysis. In addition, 113 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two breeds, many of which are associated with the regulation of body growth, which is the major difference between the two breeds. This study showed that WD cattle belong to the group of hybrids between and , and one novel gene associated with breed traits and multiple differentially expressed genes between these two closely related breeds was identified. The results provide insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlie economically important traits, such as body size, in cattle.
皖东牛最近被国家畜禽遗传资源委员会认定为一个新的中国本土牛品种。该品种的种群规模不足10000头。皖东牛和大别山牛同域分布，但分别在山区和平原的不同生态环境中饲养，这两个品种的体型明显不同。从8头成年雌性皖东牛和7头成年雌性大别山牛（24月龄）采集血样。从白细胞中提取总RNA，并在Illumina HiSeq 4000平台上进行测序实验。通过主成分分析（PCA）确定从皖东牛品种中去除一个异常样本后，系统发育和群体结构分析表明，皖东牛和大别山牛形成了一个独特的中国中部牛群，并显示出[此处原文缺失部分信息]之间杂交的证据。根据功能丧失变异富集分析，免疫调节因子CD48（=1.3E - 6）与品种特异性性状相关。此外，在这两个品种之间鉴定出113个差异表达基因，其中许多与身体生长的调节有关，这是两个品种之间的主要差异。本研究表明，皖东牛属于[此处原文缺失部分信息]之间的杂交群体，并鉴定出一个与品种性状相关的新基因以及这两个密切相关品种之间的多个差异表达基因。研究结果为牛等经济重要性状（如体型）的遗传机制提供了见解。
