Qin Wenjuan, Chen Daosong, Guo Panpan, Hu Lixing, Zheng Xiaodong, Cheng Jin, Chen Hongquan
School of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China.
Key Laboratory of Anhui Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding of Anhui Province Hefei China.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Aug 7;13(8):e10382. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10382. eCollection 2023 Aug.
China is rich in goat breeding resources. Officially recognized local goat breeds are mainly distributed in agro-ecological regions. The population structure and matrilineal origin of native Chinese goats can be used to formulate protection and utilization strategies for these genetic resources. In this study, the genetic structure and maternal origin of native Chinese goats were investigated using mtDNA D-loop sequences. A total of 329 goat samples from 25 Chinese indigenous goat populations and five introduced goat breeds from abroad were collected; these populations were distributed in four ecogroups designated as Southwest, South-central, the North China Plain, and Foreign-ecogroup. A larger average number of nucleotide differences and richer nucleotide diversity were observed in South-central and Foreign-ecogroup, whereas these were lower in Southwest. The 216 haplotypes divided into several haplogroups, of which HapA contained 99 haplotypes distributed in Southwest, the North China Plain, and Foreign-ecogroup with high frequency (0.53-0.77), whereas the frequency of HapA in South-central was <0.09. HapB was mostly found in South-central (0.5538) and was distributed to the North China Plain (0.2667), while it was rare in Southwest (<0.08) and Foreign-ecogroup (<0.07). According to the estimation of kinship and ancestry, HapA had five ancestors (A2, A3, A5, A10, and A12), HapB had a single maternal ancestor (A8), and HapC had two maternal ancestors (A1 and A4). This study showed that native Chinese goat breeds were mainly divided into three haplogroups (HapA, HapB, and HapC) and goat populations have expanded in the ecological regions.
中国拥有丰富的山羊养殖资源。官方认可的本地山羊品种主要分布在农业生态区域。中国本土山羊的种群结构和母系起源可用于制定这些遗传资源的保护和利用策略。在本研究中，利用线粒体DNA D环序列对中国本土山羊的遗传结构和母系起源进行了调查。共采集了来自25个中国本土山羊种群和5个国外引进山羊品种的329份山羊样本；这些种群分布在四个生态组中，分别为西南、中南、华北平原和国外生态组。中南和国外生态组观察到较大的平均核苷酸差异数和更丰富的核苷酸多样性，而西南地区则较低。216个单倍型分为几个单倍群，其中单倍型A包含99个单倍型，高频分布在西南、华北平原和国外生态组（0.53 - 0.77），而在中南地区单倍型A的频率<0.09。单倍型B主要出现在中南地区（0.5538），并分布到华北平原（0.2667），而在西南地区（<0.08）和国外生态组（<0.07）中很少见。根据亲缘关系和祖先的估计，单倍型A有五个祖先（A2、A3、A5、A10和A12），单倍型B有一个母系祖先（A8），单倍型C有两个母系祖先（A1和A4）。本研究表明，中国本土山羊品种主要分为三个单倍群（单倍型A、单倍型B和单倍型C），并且山羊种群在生态区域内有所扩张。
