At the time of this study, Ms Moore was a faculty member, Division of Dental Hygiene, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Assistant professor, Division of Dental Hygiene, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Can J Dent Hyg. 2019 Oct 1;53(3):166-171.
Swimming is known worldwide as one of the healthiest, low-impact forms of exercise that promotes a strong body, heart, and mind. However, several studies have suggested that swimming pool chlorination is responsible for dental erosion, calculus formation, and stain in competitive and recreational swimmers, a phenomenon known as swimmer's mouth. The purpose of this observational study was to assess chlorine stain on the dentition of competitive female swimmers and divers from a university team and to determine if dental preventive practices affected chlorine stains.
Swimmers were recruited from the University of New Mexico Swimming and Diving Team for this IRB-approved study (#17-481). Participants completed a questionnaire regarding individual oral habits and frequency of preventive visits. Following the questionnaire, an oral screening was completed to evaluate for stain. Fisher exact tests, nonparametric Wilcoxon tests, and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Additionally, a cross-sectional analysis was used to compare the chlorine stain between divers and swimmers.
Twenty-one females, with a mean age of 20.5 years, participated in the study. One hundred percent of these subjects had staining of the teeth, despite the fact that 85% of them reported brushing their teeth 2 to 3 times per day, and 81% reported receiving regular dental prophylaxis. All participants swam 5 or more times every week, with practice length ranging from 1 to 2 hours. There were no differences in stain between collegiate swimmers and divers.
Within this study sample, extrinsic staining of the teeth was identified on all swimmers and divers and the presence of stain was not prevented by the frequency of tooth brushing or professional stain removal. Additional oral hygiene regimens should be explored to facilitate the prevention or complete removal of swimmer stain.
游泳是世界范围内被公认为最健康、低冲击的运动之一，它可以强健身体、心脏和大脑。然而，多项研究表明，游泳池氯化作用是导致竞技和娱乐游泳运动员牙齿侵蚀、牙石形成和污渍的原因，这种现象被称为“游泳者口”。本观察性研究的目的是评估大学游泳和跳水队竞技女性游泳运动员和跳水运动员牙齿上的氯污渍，并确定牙齿预防措施是否会影响氯污渍。
这项经机构审查委员会批准的 (#17-481) 研究从新墨西哥大学游泳和跳水队招募了游泳运动员。参与者完成了一份关于个人口腔习惯和预防就诊频率的问卷。在完成问卷后，进行了口腔检查以评估污渍。Fisher 确切检验、非参数 Wilcoxon 检验和描述性统计用于分析数据。此外，还使用横截面分析比较了潜水员和游泳运动员之间的氯污渍。
共有 21 名女性，平均年龄为 20.5 岁，参加了这项研究。尽管 85%的人报告每天刷牙 2 到 3 次，81%的人报告定期接受牙科预防保健，但她们的牙齿都有染色。所有参与者每周游泳 5 次或更多次，练习时间从 1 到 2 小时不等。游泳运动员和潜水员之间的污渍没有差异。
在本研究样本中，所有游泳运动员和潜水员的牙齿都有外源性染色，而且刷牙频率或专业去渍并不能预防污渍的出现。应该探索其他口腔卫生方案，以促进游泳者污渍的预防或完全去除。
