Shaik Likhita, Kashyap Rahul, Thotamgari Sahith Reddy, Singh Romil, Khanna Sahil
Internal Medicine, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Solapur, IND.
Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Oct 24;12(10):e11131. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11131.
The gut microbiota regulates the function and health of the human gut. Preliminary evidence suggests its impact on multiple human systems including the nervous and immune systems. A major area of research has been the directional relationship between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), called the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota affects brain activity and behavior via endocrine, neural, and immune pathways. An alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome has been linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The connection between gut microbiome and several CNS disorders indicates that the focus of research in the future should be on the bacterial and biochemical targets. Through this review, we outline the established knowledge regarding the gut microbiome and gut-brain axis. In addition to gut microbiome in neurological and psychiatry diseases, we have briefly discussed microbial metabolites affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), immune dysregulation, modification of autonomic sensorimotor connections, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
肠道微生物群调节人体肠道的功能和健康。初步证据表明其对包括神经和免疫系统在内的多个人类系统有影响。一个主要的研究领域是肠道微生物群与中枢神经系统（CNS）之间的方向性关系，即微生物群-肠道-脑轴。据推测，肠道微生物群通过内分泌、神经和免疫途径影响大脑活动和行为。肠道微生物组组成的改变与多种神经发育和神经退行性疾病有关。肠道微生物组与几种中枢神经系统疾病之间的联系表明，未来的研究重点应放在细菌和生化靶点上。通过本综述，我们概述了关于肠道微生物组和肠道-脑轴的现有知识。除了神经和精神疾病中的肠道微生物组，我们还简要讨论了影响血脑屏障（BBB）的微生物代谢产物、免疫失调、自主感觉运动连接的改变以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴。
