Forster Stefan, Radpour Ramin
Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Front Oncol. 2020 Nov 9;10:569017. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.569017. eCollection 2020.
The immune system is able to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. Some tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), induce immune tolerance different mechanisms of "immunoediting" and "immune evasion" and can thus escape immune surveillance. The impact of immunotherapy on cancer has been investigated for many years, but so far, the application was limited to few cancer types. Immuno-oncological therapeutic strategies against metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the adaptive immune system activating approaches, offer a high potential for adaptation to the great heterogeneity of CRC. Moreover, novel treatment approaches are currently being tested that might specifically target the disease initiating and maintaining population of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of immune-oncology and tumor immunotherapy of patients with mCRC and discuss different therapeutic modalities that focus on the activation of tumor-specific T-cells and their perspectives such as tumor vaccination, checkpoint inhibition, and adoptive T-cell transfer or on the eradication of colorectal CSCs.
免疫系统能够识别并清除肿瘤细胞。一些肿瘤，包括结直肠癌（CRC），会诱导免疫耐受以及不同的“免疫编辑”和“免疫逃逸”机制，从而能够逃避免疫监视。免疫疗法对癌症的影响已研究多年，但迄今为止，其应用仅限于少数几种癌症类型。针对转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）的免疫肿瘤治疗策略，即激活适应性免疫系统的方法，具有很高的潜力来适应CRC的高度异质性。此外，目前正在测试可能特异性靶向引发和维持结直肠癌干细胞（CSC）群体的新型治疗方法。在本综述中，我们旨在总结mCRC患者免疫肿瘤学和肿瘤免疫治疗的现状，并讨论专注于激活肿瘤特异性T细胞的不同治疗方式及其前景，如肿瘤疫苗接种、检查点抑制、过继性T细胞转移，或根除结直肠癌CSC。
