Gao Peng, Yan Zhencheng, Zhu Zhiming
Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Nov 9;8:604240. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.604240. eCollection 2020.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are physically connected to form dedicated structural domains known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which participate in fundamental biological processes, including lipid and calcium (Ca) homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and other related cellular behaviors such as autophagy, ER stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Many studies have proved the importance of MAMs in maintaining the normal function of both organelles, and the abnormal amount, structure or function of MAMs is related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review the knowledge regarding the components of MAMs according to their different functions and the specific roles of MAMs in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, focusing on some highly prevalent cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion, diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic vascular diseases. Finally, we summarize the possible mechanisms of MAM in cardiovascular diseases and put forward some obstacles in the understanding of MAM function we may encounter.
内质网（ER）与线粒体在物理上相连，形成称为线粒体相关内质网膜（MAMs）的特定结构域，其参与基本生物学过程，包括脂质和钙（Ca）稳态、线粒体动力学以及其他相关细胞行为，如自噬、内质网应激、炎症和凋亡。许多研究已证明MAMs在维持两个细胞器正常功能中的重要性，并且MAMs数量、结构或功能异常与心血管疾病的发生有关。在此，我们根据MAMs的不同功能回顾其组成成分的相关知识以及MAMs在心血管生理和病理生理中的具体作用，重点关注一些高度常见的心血管疾病，包括缺血再灌注、糖尿病性心肌病、心力衰竭、肺动脉高压和全身性血管疾病。最后，我们总结了MAM在心血管疾病中的可能机制，并提出了在理解MAM功能时可能遇到的一些障碍。
