College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
J Nutr. 2021 Jan 4;151(1):20-29. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa331.
Whether dietary choline and bile acids affect lipid use via gut microbiota is unclear.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of choline and bile acids on growth performance, lipid use, intestinal immunology, gut microbiota, and bacterial metabolites in weaned piglets.
A total of 128 weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 21-d-old, 8.21 ± 0.20 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allocated to 4 treatments (8 replicate pens per treatment, each pen containing 2 males and 2 females; n = 32 per treatment) for 28 d. Piglets were fed a control diet (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with 597 mg choline/kg (C), 500 mg bile acids/kg (BA) or both (C + BA) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Growth performance, intestinal function, gut microbiota, and metabolites were determined.
Compared with diets without choline, choline supplementation increased BW gain (6.13%), average daily gain (9.45%), gain per feed (8.18%), jejunal lipase activity (60.2%), and duodenal IL10 gene expression (51%), and decreased the mRNA abundance of duodenal TNFA (TNFα) (40.7%) and jejunal toll-like receptor 4 (32.9%) (P < 0.05); additionally, choline increased colonic butyrate (29.1%) and the abundance of Lactobacillus (42.3%), while decreasing the bile acid profile (55.8% to 57.6%) and the abundance of Parabacteroides (75.8%), Bacteroides (80.7%), and unidentified-Ruminococcaceae (32.5%) (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with diets without BA, BA supplementation decreased the mRNA abundance of colonic TNFA (37.4%), NF-κB p65 (42.4%), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (42.5%) (P ≤ 0.01); BA also increased colonic butyrate (20.9%) and the abundance of Lactobacillus (39.7%) and Faecalibacterium (71.6%) and decreased that of Parabacteroides (67.7%) (P < 0.05).
Choline supplementation improved growth performance and prevented gut inflammation in weaned piglets by altering gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. BA supplementation suppressed intestinal inflammation with no effect on growth performance, which was associated with changed gut microbiota and metabolites.
膳食胆碱和胆汁酸是否通过肠道微生物群影响脂质利用尚不清楚。
本研究旨在探讨胆碱和胆汁酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、脂质利用、肠道免疫、肠道微生物群和细菌代谢物的影响。
将 128 头断奶仔猪[杜洛克×（长白×约克夏），21 日龄，体重 8.21±0.20kg]随机分配到 4 个处理组（每组 8 个重复栏，每个栏包含 2 个公猪和 2 个母猪；每组 32 头），试验期为 28d。仔猪饲喂对照日粮（CON）或 CON 日粮添加 597mg 胆碱/kg（C）、500mg 胆汁酸/kg（BA）或两者（C+BA），采用 2×2 因子设计。测定生长性能、肠道功能、肠道微生物群和代谢物。
与不含胆碱的日粮相比，添加胆碱可提高体重增重（6.13%）、平均日增重（9.45%）、增重/饲料（8.18%）、空肠脂肪酶活性（60.2%）和十二指肠 IL10 基因表达（51%），并降低十二指肠 TNFA（TNFα）mRNA 丰度（40.7%）和空肠 Toll 样受体 4（TLR4）mRNA 丰度（32.9%）（P<0.05）；此外，胆碱增加了结肠丁酸（29.1%）和乳杆菌（42.3%）的丰度，同时降低了胆汁酸谱（55.8%至 57.6%）和 Parabacteroides（75.8%）、拟杆菌（80.7%）和未鉴定的 Ruminococcaceae（32.5%）的丰度（P≤0.05）。与不含 BA 的日粮相比，添加 BA 降低了结肠 TNFA（37.4%）、NF-κB p65（42.4%）和髓样分化因子 88（42.5%）的 mRNA 丰度（P≤0.01）；BA 还增加了结肠丁酸（20.9%）和乳杆菌（39.7%）和 Faecalibacterium（71.6%）的丰度，降低了 Parabacteroides（67.7%）的丰度（P<0.05）。
胆碱补充通过改变肠道微生物群和脂质代谢，改善了断奶仔猪的生长性能，预防了肠道炎症。BA 补充抑制了肠道炎症，对生长性能没有影响，这与肠道微生物群和代谢物的变化有关。
