Faki Yalcin, Er Ayse
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey.
Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2021 Jan 19;12(1):e0003. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10426.
This review describes cyclooxygenase (COX), which synthesizes prostanoids that play an important role in living things. The authors conducted a national and international literature review on the subject. The COX enzyme uses arachidonic acid to form prostanoids, which play a role in several physiological and pathological conditions. This enzyme has different isoforms, mainly COX-1 and COX-2. The constitutive isoform is COX-1, while COX-2 is the inducible isoform. Both are expressed in different tissues and at different levels, but they may also coexist within the same tissue. Both isoforms show essentially the same mode of action, but their substrates and inhibitors may differ. The COX-1 isoform, which plays a role in the continuation of physiological events, has an increased expression level in various carcinomas, and the COX-2 isoform, which is increased in inflammatory conditions, is typically expressed at low physiological levels in some tissues such as the brain, kidney, and uterus. In addition to investigating the efficacies of the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, the discovery of potential new COX enzymes and their effect continues. This review also looks at the roles of the COX enzyme in certain physiological and pathological conditions.
本综述描述了环氧化酶（COX），它能合成在生物体内发挥重要作用的前列腺素。作者对该主题进行了国内和国际文献综述。COX酶利用花生四烯酸形成前列腺素，前列腺素在多种生理和病理状况中发挥作用。这种酶有不同的同工型，主要是COX - 1和COX - 2。组成型同工型是COX - 1，而COX - 2是诱导型同工型。两者在不同组织中以不同水平表达，但它们也可能在同一组织中共存。两种同工型显示出基本相同的作用模式，但它们的底物和抑制剂可能不同。在生理事件持续过程中发挥作用的COX - 1同工型在各种癌症中表达水平升高，而在炎症状况下升高的COX - 2同工型在某些组织如脑、肾和子宫中通常以低生理水平表达。除了研究COX - 1和COX - 2同工型的功效外，潜在新COX酶的发现及其作用仍在继续。本综述还探讨了COX酶在某些生理和病理状况中的作用。
