Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
Poult Sci. 2020 Dec;99(12):6705-6714. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.009. Epub 2020 Sep 12.
Based on research reports, feed characteristics can increase poult growth via several factors. Two rearing experiments (EXP) were conducted to test the effects of feed form and ingredient quality in turkey poults. Bird performance and the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum morphology were observed in both EXP. Poults were reared in battery cages (48 cages in EXP 1 and 72 cages in EXP 2). Four dietary treatments with differing feed form and function factors were evaluated in EXP 1. A completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 2 levels of fines, 2 soybean meal (SBM) sources, and 2 levels of an enzyme cocktail (Rovabio Advance) was tested in EXP 2. Poult BW, BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined in both EXP. Apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) was determined in EXP 2. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05. Feeding increased feed crumble particle size with fewer fines in the starter feed resulted in an increased BWG accompanied by an increased FI. Reduced feed fines reduced AME when the dietary enzyme cocktail was not present. The feed formulation with 60% CP SBM resulted in a lower FI and an improved FCR. The enzyme cocktail interacted synergistically with screening and fed SBM source factors on the AMEn and FCR. It was concluded that both the feed form and quality, as used in this study, affect poult performance.
基于研究报告，饲料特性可以通过多种因素来促进家禽生长。本研究进行了两项饲养试验（EXP），以测试火鸡育雏中饲料形态和成分质量的影响。在两项 EXP 中观察了禽鸟的表现以及十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠的形态。育雏采用笼养（EXP1 中 48 个笼，EXP2 中 72 个笼）。在 EXP1 中评估了具有不同饲料形态和功能因素的四种日粮处理。采用完全随机分组设计，处理因素为 2 个水平的细粉、2 种大豆粕（SBM）来源和 2 个水平的酶混合物（Rovabio Advance），采用 2×2×2 析因设计。在两项 EXP 中均测定了禽鸟体重、体重增重（BWG）、采食量（FI）和饲料转化率（FCR）。在 EXP2 中测定了表观代谢能校正氮（AMEn）。P≤0.05 时认为差异具有统计学意义。在育雏期饲料中增加颗粒破碎饲料的粒径，减少细粉的用量，会导致 BWG 增加，同时 FI 也会增加。当日粮中未添加酶混合物时，减少饲料细粉会降低 AME。当 SBM 中的 CP 含量为 60%时，FI 降低，FCR 得到改善。酶混合物与筛选和喂养 SBM 来源因素在 AMEn 和 FCR 上具有协同作用。研究结论是，在本研究中使用的饲料形态和质量都会影响禽鸟的表现。
