Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2021 Mar;231(3):e13588. doi: 10.1111/apha.13588. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
Ghrelin is a gastric hormone with multiple physiological functions, including the stimulation of food intake and adiposity. It is well established that circulating ghrelin levels are closely associated with feeding patterns, rising strongly before a meal and lowering upon food intake. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of ghrelin secretion are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge on the circadian oscillation of circulating ghrelin levels, the neural mechanisms stimulating fasting ghrelin levels and peripheral mechanisms modulating postprandial ghrelin levels. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of targeting the ghrelin pathway is discussed in the context of the treatment of various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, diabetic gastroparesis and Prader-Willi syndrome. Moreover, eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are also discussed.
胃饥饿素是一种具有多种生理功能的胃激素，包括刺激摄食和肥胖。循环胃饥饿素水平与进食模式密切相关，这一点已得到充分证实，即在餐前会强烈升高，而在进食后会降低。然而，调节胃饥饿素分泌的机制尚不完全清楚。本综述的目的是讨论关于循环胃饥饿素水平的昼夜节律波动、刺激空腹胃饥饿素水平的神经机制以及调节餐后胃饥饿素水平的外周机制的最新知识。此外，还讨论了靶向胃饥饿素途径在治疗各种代谢紊乱方面的治疗潜力，包括肥胖症、2 型糖尿病、糖尿病胃轻瘫和普拉德-威利综合征。此外，还讨论了包括神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和暴食症在内的饮食失调。
