Editorial: Biomarkers in precision medicine for mental illnesses.

Precision medicine and biomarker development have become the prevailing paradigm for mental health research. Despite its conceptual elegance and dominance as a research framework, precision medicine has a very limited track record of demonstrable success thus far for mental illnesses, due in varying degrees to the complexity of both the brain and the pathophysiology of mental illnesses, which limits our ability to develop, replicate, and validate biomarkers for use in enhancing clinical care for mental illnesses, especially in high-risk and complex clinical populations. Research and funding priorities should integrate biomarker development and precision medicine interventions that target the robust behavioral, environmental, and social determinants that we know are important for population-based mental health.