Damene Hanane, Tahir Djamel, Diels Maren, Berber Ali, Sahraoui Naima, Rigouts Leen
Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria.
IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Nov 30;14(11):e0008894. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008894. eCollection 2020 Nov.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) comprises closely related species responsible for human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Efficient species determination is useful for epidemiological purposes, especially for the elucidation of the zoonotic contribution. In Algeria, data on MTBC genotypes are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of MTBC genotypes causing human and bovine TB in Northern Algeria. During a two-year sampling period (2017-2019) in two regions of Northern Algeria, we observed an overall prevalence of 6.5% of tuberculosis (TB) among slaughtered cattle, which is higher than previous Algerian data yet comparable to neighboring countries. A total of 296 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping: 181 from tissues with TB-like lesions collected from 181 cattle carcasses and 115 from TB patients. In human isolates, we identified 107 M. tuberculosis, seven M. bovis and one "M. pinnipedii-like", while for bovine samples, 174 isolates were identified as M. bovis, three as M. caprae, three as "M. pinnipedii-like" and one as "M. microti-like". The majority of isolates (89.2%) belonged to 72 different known Shared International Types (SIT) or M. bovis spoligotypes (SB), while we also identified seven new SB profiles (SB2695 to SB2701). Twenty-eight of the SB profiles were new to Algeria. Our data suggest zoonotic transmission in Sétif, where significantly more TB was observed among cattle (20%) compared to the slaughterhouses from the three other regions (5.4%-7.3%) (p < 0.0001), with the isolation of the same M. bovis genotypes from TB patients. The present study showed a high genetic diversity of MTBC isolated from human and cattle in Northern Algeria. Even though relatively small in terms of numbers, our data suggest the zoonotic transmission of TB from cattle to humans, suggesting the need for stronger eradication strategies for bovine TB.
结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTBC）由导致人类和动物结核病（TB）的密切相关菌种组成。有效的菌种鉴定对于流行病学研究很有用，特别是在阐明人畜共患病的作用方面。在阿尔及利亚，关于MTBC基因型的数据大多未知。在本研究中，我们旨在调查在阿尔及利亚北部引起人类和牛结核病的MTBC基因型的发生情况和多样性。在阿尔及利亚北部两个地区为期两年的采样期（2017 - 2019年）内，我们观察到屠宰牛中结核病（TB）的总体患病率为6.5%，高于阿尔及利亚先前的数据，但与邻国相当。通过间隔寡核苷酸分型（spoligotyping）对总共296株结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTBC）分离株进行了基因分型：181株来自从181头牛尸体采集的有结核样病变的组织，115株来自结核病患者。在人类分离株中，我们鉴定出107株结核分枝杆菌、7株牛分枝杆菌和1株“类海豹分枝杆菌”，而对于牛样本，174株分离株被鉴定为牛分枝杆菌，3株为山羊分枝杆菌，3株为“类海豹分枝杆菌”，1株为“类田鼠分枝杆菌”。大多数分离株（89.2%）属于72种不同的已知国际共享型（SIT）或牛分枝杆菌间隔寡核苷酸分型（SB），同时我们还鉴定出7个新的SB图谱（SB2695至SB2701）。其中28个SB图谱是阿尔及利亚首次发现。我们的数据表明在塞提夫存在人畜共患病传播，在那里观察到牛中的结核病明显更多（20%），相比其他三个地区的屠宰场（5.4% - 7.3%）（p < 0.0001），并且从结核病患者中分离出了相同的牛分枝杆菌基因型。本研究显示从阿尔及利亚北部的人类和牛中分离出的MTBC具有高度的遗传多样性。尽管数量相对较少，但我们的数据表明结核病从牛传播到人的人畜共患病传播情况，这表明需要更强有力的牛结核病根除策略。
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