Yahyaoui-Azami Hind, Aboukhassib Hamid, Bouslikhane Mohammed, Berrada Jaouad, Rami Soukaina, Reinhard Miriam, Gagneux Sebastien, Feldmann Julia, Borrell Sonia, Zinsstag Jakob
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
BMC Vet Res. 2017 Aug 25;13(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1165-6.
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis have been described to be responsible of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. Although M. tuberculosis, M. africanum and non-complex mycobacteria were isolated from cattle. In Morocco, so far, no molecular studies were conducted to characterize the strains responsible of BTB. The present study aims to characterize M. bovis in Morocco. The present study was conducted in slaughterhouses in Rabat and El Jadida. Samples were collected from 327 slaughtered animals with visible lesions suggesting BTB.
A total of 225 isolates yielded cultures, 95% (n = 215) of them were acid-fast (AF). Sixty eight per cent of the AF positive samples were confirmed as tuberculous mycobacteria (n = 147), 99% of these (n = 146) having RD9 and among the latter, 98% (n = 143) positive while 2% (n = 3) negative for RD4 A total of 134 samples were analyzed by spoligotyping of which 14 were in cluster and with 41 different spoligotypes, ten of them were new patterns (23%). The most prevalent spoligotypes were SB0121, SB0265, and SB0120, and were already identified in many other countries, such as Algeria, Spain, Tunisia, the United States and Argentina.
The shared borders between Algeria and Morocco, in addition to the previous importation of cattle from Europe and the US could explain the similarities found in M. bovis spoligotypes. On the other hand, the desert of Morocco could be considered as an efficient barrier preventing the introduction of BTB to Morocco from West Central and East Africa. Our findings suggest a low level endemic transmission of BTB similar to other African countries. However, more research is needed for further knowledge about the transmission patterns of BTB in Morocco.
牛结核病（BTB）由牛分枝杆菌引起，牛分枝杆菌属于结核分枝杆菌复合群。牛分枝杆菌被认为是大多数牛结核病例的病因。尽管从牛身上分离出了结核分枝杆菌、非洲分枝杆菌和非复合分枝杆菌。在摩洛哥，到目前为止，尚未进行分子研究来鉴定引起牛结核病的菌株。本研究旨在鉴定摩洛哥的牛分枝杆菌。本研究在拉巴特和贾迪达的屠宰场进行。从327头有可见病变提示牛结核病的屠宰动物身上采集样本。
共获得225株培养物，其中95%（n = 215）为抗酸菌（AF）。68%的AF阳性样本被确认为结核分枝杆菌（n = 147），其中99%（n = 146）具有RD9，在后者中，98%（n = 143）对RD4呈阳性，2%（n = 3）呈阴性。共对134个样本进行了间隔寡核苷酸分型分析，其中14个样本聚类，有41种不同的间隔寡核苷酸分型模式，其中10种为新模式（23%）。最常见的间隔寡核苷酸分型模式为SB0121、SB0265和SB0120，这些模式已在许多其他国家被鉴定出来，如阿尔及利亚、西班牙、突尼斯、美国和阿根廷。
阿尔及利亚和摩洛哥接壤，加上此前从欧洲和美国进口牛，这可以解释在牛分枝杆菌间隔寡核苷酸分型模式中发现的相似性。另一方面，摩洛哥的沙漠可被视为有效屏障，防止牛结核病从非洲中西部和东部传入摩洛哥。我们的研究结果表明，与其他非洲国家类似，牛结核病存在低水平的地方流行传播。然而，需要更多研究以进一步了解摩洛哥牛结核病的传播模式。
