Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2013;108(1):25-53. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldt031. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Blood vessel formation is fundamental to development, while its dysregulation can contribute to serious disease. Expectations are that hundreds of millions of individuals will benefit from therapeutic developments in vascular biology. MSCs are central to the three main vascular repair mechanisms.
Key recent published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov.
MSCs are heterogeneous, containing multi-lineage stem and partly differentiated progenitor cells, and are easily expandable ex vivo. There is no single marker defining native MSCs in vivo. Their phenotype is strongly determined by their specific microenvironment. Bone marrow MSCs have skeletal stem cell properties. Having a perivascular/vascular location, they contribute to vascular formation and function and might be harnessed to regenerate a blood supply to injured tissues.
These include MSC origin, phenotype and location in vivo and their ability to differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells or act as vascular stem cells. In addition their efficacy, safety and potency in clinical trials in relation to cell source, dose, delivery route, passage and timing of administration, but probably even more on the local preconditioning and the mechanisms by which they exert their effects.
Understanding the origin and the regenerative environment of MSCs, and manipulating their homing properties, proliferative ability and functionality through drug discovery and reprogramming strategies are important for their efficacy in vascular repair for regenerative medicine therapies and tissue engineering approaches.
Characterization of MSCs' in vivo origins and biological properties in relation to their localization within tissue niches, reprogramming strategies and newer imaging/bioengineering approaches.
血管生成对于发育至关重要，而其失调可能导致严重疾病。预计数亿人将受益于血管生物学的治疗发展。间充质干细胞是三种主要血管修复机制的核心。
近期发表的关键文献和 ClinicalTrials.gov。
间充质干细胞是异质的，包含多谱系干细胞和部分分化的祖细胞，并且易于体外扩增。体内没有单一标志物可以定义天然间充质干细胞。它们的表型强烈取决于其特定的微环境。骨髓间充质干细胞具有骨骼干细胞特性。它们位于血管周围/血管位置，有助于血管形成和功能，并且可以被利用来为受伤组织再生血液供应。
这些包括间充质干细胞的起源、表型和体内位置，以及它们分化为功能性心肌细胞和内皮细胞或作为血管干细胞的能力。此外，它们在临床试验中的疗效、安全性和效力与细胞来源、剂量、给药途径、传代和给药时间有关，但可能更多地与局部预处理以及它们发挥作用的机制有关。
了解间充质干细胞的起源和再生环境，并通过药物发现和重编程策略来操纵其归巢特性、增殖能力和功能，对于它们在血管修复、再生医学治疗和组织工程方法中的疗效至关重要。
与组织龛内定位相关的间充质干细胞体内起源和生物学特性的表征、重编程策略和更新的成像/生物工程方法。
