Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Dent Traumatol. 2021 Jun;37(3):407-413. doi: 10.1111/edt.12639. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Road traffic collisions (RTC) are known to be one of the major causes of maxillofacial trauma (MFT). The road user factor is of crucial importance in the prevalence, severity, and treatment of maxillofacial injuries. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma among road users, to illustrate injury patterns and to identify road users at high risk.
This historical prospective multi-center study was based on Israel's Trauma Registry between 2008-2018, which included 4829 hospitalized patients following RTC with MFT. Data were analyzed according to six road user types (vehicle driver, passenger, bicyclist, motorcyclist, pedestrian, and e-bike/scooter), maxillofacial injury location, and maxillofacial treatment.
MFT, which accounted for 5% of the hospitalized RTC injuries, was not equally distributed among road users, as bicyclists and e-bike/scooters were more prone to maxillofacial trauma (7.2% and 10.1%, respectively) than vehicle drivers (3.2%). Children (age 0-14 years) comprised almost half of the cyclists, 25% of the pedestrians and 20% of the passengers. Some MFT patients experienced multiple injuries, with the majority involving jaw and facial bones and to a lesser extent the mouth, teeth, gingivae, and alveolar bone (mouth and dento-alveolar (DA) trauma). Approximately 30% of hospitalized road casualties with MFT underwent MF surgery, with the need for surgery lowest among pedestrians.
Hospitalized road casualties had different types of MFT in terms of prevalence, location, severity, and treatment, depending on the road user type.
背景/目的：道路交通碰撞（RTC）是导致颌面创伤（MFT）的主要原因之一。在颌面损伤的发生率、严重程度和治疗中，道路使用者因素至关重要。本研究的目的是确定道路使用者中颌面创伤的发生率，说明损伤模式，并确定高风险的道路使用者。
本研究是一项基于 2008 年至 2018 年以色列创伤登记处的历史前瞻性多中心研究，其中包括 4829 例因 RTC 导致颌面创伤住院的患者。根据六种道路使用者类型（驾驶员、乘客、骑自行车者、骑摩托车者、行人、电动自行车/滑板车）、颌面损伤部位和颌面治疗对数据进行分析。
MFT 占住院 RTC 损伤的 5%，但在道路使用者中的分布并不均衡，骑自行车者和电动自行车/滑板车发生颌面创伤的风险更高（分别为 7.2%和 10.1%），而驾驶员的风险较低（3.2%）。儿童（0-14 岁）几乎占自行车骑手的一半，占行人的 25%，占乘客的 20%。一些 MFT 患者发生了多处损伤，主要涉及颌骨和面部骨骼，而口腔、牙齿、牙龈和牙槽骨（口腔和齿槽创伤）的损伤程度较轻。约 30%的住院颌面创伤道路伤亡者接受了颌面手术，其中行人的手术需求最低。
根据道路使用者类型，住院道路伤亡者的颌面创伤在发生率、部位、严重程度和治疗方面存在不同类型。
