脑损伤后小胶质细胞耗竭与认知功能：从创伤到银河宇宙射线。
Microglia depletion and cognitive functions after brain injury: From trauma to galactic cosmic ray.
机构信息
Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
出版信息
Neurosci Lett. 2021 Jan 10;741:135462. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135462. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In physiological conditions, microglia contribute to maintaining brain homeostasis by scanning the surrounding parenchyma and acting as scavenger cells. Following different insults to the CNS, microglia turn into a "reactive" state characterized by the production of inflammatory mediators that promote tissue repair to restore homeostasis. Brain insults such as traumatic brain injury, therapeutic brain irradiation and galactic cosmic ray exposure are associated with chronic microglia activation. Chronic microglia activation contributes to injury-related impairments in cognitive functions. Microglia depletion achieved either by pharmacological or genetic techniques represents not only a useful tool for more extensive investigations of microglia roles, but also a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate or prevent cognitive dysfunctions following brain injury.
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的固有免疫细胞。在生理条件下，小胶质细胞通过扫描周围实质并作为清道夫细胞来维持脑内稳态。在中枢神经系统受到不同损伤后，小胶质细胞转变为一种“反应性”状态，其特征是产生促炎介质，以促进组织修复，恢复内稳态。大脑损伤，如创伤性脑损伤、治疗性脑照射和银河宇宙射线暴露，与慢性小胶质细胞激活有关。慢性小胶质细胞激活导致与损伤相关的认知功能障碍。通过药理学或遗传学技术实现的小胶质细胞耗竭不仅是更广泛地研究小胶质细胞作用的有用工具，而且也是改善或预防脑损伤后认知功能障碍的潜在治疗方法。
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