Wallner Christoph, Moormann Eric, Lulof Patricia, Drysch Marius, Lehnhardt Marcus, Behr Björn
Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
Department of Archaeology, Amsterdam Centre of Ancient Studies and Archaeology-ACASA, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 9, 1012 XT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Nov 28;56(12):657. doi: 10.3390/medicina56120657.
The last century brought about more rapid new developments in the treatment of burns, which significantly lowered the mortality of burn injuries. However, burns were already treated in antiquity, where the threshold from spirituality to scientific medicine originated. The existing literature on burn treatment is very limited and there are many cross-references, some of them incorrect. The aim of this work by an interdisciplinary team of historians and physicians is to offer a more precise reproduction of the burn treatment of Greek and Roman antiquity using original texts in context and with a modern scientific background. There are many sources from ancient doctors on the subject of burn treatment, as well as the treatment of burned-out wounds and frostbite, which have not yet been mentioned. The literature research also showed an understanding of scientific contexts in ancient medicine, such as antiseptics or rheology. Interestingly, there was a change in burn medicine from everyday Greek medicine to Roman military medicine with other burn patterns. The care of patients using analgetics and the therapy of burn shock arose from the literature. The ancient world is considered to be the foundation of medicine, but it is believed to have been based mainly on shamanism rather than science. However, already more than two millennia ago, burns were correctly assessed and treated according to today's scientific standards and scientific relationships were recognized.
上个世纪，烧伤治疗取得了更为迅速的新进展，这显著降低了烧伤的死亡率。然而，烧伤治疗在古代就已存在，而从灵性医学到科学医学的转变正是起源于此。现有的关于烧伤治疗的文献非常有限，且存在许多交叉引用，其中一些是错误的。由历史学家和医生组成的跨学科团队开展这项工作的目的，是利用原始文本并结合现代科学背景，更精确地再现古希腊和古罗马时期的烧伤治疗情况。古代医生留下了许多关于烧伤治疗以及烧伤后伤口和冻伤治疗的资料，但尚未被提及。文献研究还展现了古代医学对科学背景的理解，比如防腐剂或流变学。有趣的是，随着烧伤模式的不同，烧伤医学从日常的希腊医学转变为罗马军事医学。使用镇痛药护理患者以及烧伤休克的治疗方法都源于文献。古代世界被视为医学的基础，但人们认为它主要基于萨满教而非科学。然而，早在两千多年前，烧伤就已按照当今的科学标准得到了正确评估和治疗，并且科学关系也已被认识到。
