Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
Molecules. 2020 Nov 27;25(23):5590. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235590.
genus consists of shrubs and small trees. Four toxic compounds have been isolated from plants, which were typified as dimeric anthracenones and named T496, T514, T516, and T544. Moreover, several related compounds have been isolated and characterized. Here we review the toxicity of the fruit of plants when ingested (accidentally or experimentally), as well as the toxicity of its isolated compounds. Additionally, we analyze the probable antineoplastic effect of T514. Toxins cause damage mainly to nervous system, liver, lung, and kidney. The pathophysiological mechanism has not been fully understood but includes metabolic and structural alterations that can lead cells to apoptosis or necrosis. T514 has shown selective toxicity in vitro against human cancer cells. T514 causes selective and irreversible damage to peroxisomes; for this reason, it was renamed peroxisomicine A1 (PA1). Since a significant number of malignant cell types contain fewer peroxisomes than normal cells, tumor cells would be more easily destroyed by PA1 than healthy cells. Inhibition of topoisomerase II has also been suggested to play a role in the effect of PA1 on malignant cells. More research is needed, but the evidence obtained so far indicates that PA1 could be an effective anticancer agent.
该属植物由灌木和小树组成。已从该植物中分离出四种有毒化合物，它们被典型地归类为二聚蒽酮，并分别命名为 T496、T514、T516 和 T544。此外，还分离和鉴定了几种相关的化合物。在这里，我们综述了该植物的果实（意外或实验性）摄入后的毒性，以及其分离化合物的毒性。此外，我们还分析了 T514 可能的抗肿瘤作用。毒素主要对神经系统、肝脏、肺和肾脏造成损害。病理生理学机制尚未完全了解，但包括代谢和结构改变，这些改变可能导致细胞凋亡或坏死。T514 在体外对人癌细胞表现出选择性毒性。T514 对过氧化物酶体造成选择性和不可逆的损伤；因此，它被重新命名为过氧化物酶体素 A1（PA1）。由于相当多的恶性细胞类型的过氧化物酶体比正常细胞少，因此肿瘤细胞比健康细胞更容易被 PA1 破坏。拓扑异构酶 II 的抑制作用也被认为在 PA1 对恶性细胞的作用中发挥作用。还需要更多的研究，但迄今为止获得的证据表明，PA1 可能是一种有效的抗癌药物。
