Saffioti Nicolás Andrés, Cavalcanti-Adam Elisabetta Ada, Pallarola Diego
Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, San Martín, Argentina.
Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Nov 11;8:597950. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597950. eCollection 2020.
Cells interact with their microenvironment by constantly sensing mechanical and chemical cues converting them into biochemical signals. These processes allow cells to respond and adapt to changes in their environment, and are crucial for most cellular functions. Understanding the mechanism underlying this complex interplay at the cell-matrix interface is of fundamental value to decipher key biochemical and mechanical factors regulating cell fate. The combination of material science and surface chemistry aided in the creation of controllable environments to study cell mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Biologically inspired materials tailored with specific bioactive molecules, desired physical properties and tunable topography have emerged as suitable tools to study cell behavior. Among these materials, synthetic cell interfaces with built-in sensing capabilities are highly advantageous to measure biophysical and biochemical interaction between cells and their environment. In this review, we discuss the design of micro and nanostructured biomaterials engineered not only to mimic the structure, properties, and function of the cellular microenvironment, but also to obtain quantitative information on how cells sense and probe specific adhesive cues from the extracellular domain. This type of responsive biointerfaces provides a readout of mechanics, biochemistry, and electrical activity in real time allowing observation of cellular processes with molecular specificity. Specifically designed sensors based on advanced optical and electrochemical readout are discussed. We further provide an insight into the emerging role of multifunctional micro and nanosensors to control and monitor cell functions by means of material design.
细胞通过不断感知机械和化学信号并将其转化为生化信号，与微环境相互作用。这些过程使细胞能够对环境变化做出反应并适应，对大多数细胞功能至关重要。了解细胞-基质界面处这种复杂相互作用的潜在机制，对于解读调节细胞命运的关键生化和机械因素具有重要价值。材料科学和表面化学的结合有助于创建可控环境，以研究细胞的机械传感和机械转导。具有特定生物活性分子、所需物理特性和可调拓扑结构的仿生材料已成为研究细胞行为的合适工具。在这些材料中，具有内置传感能力的合成细胞界面对于测量细胞与其环境之间的生物物理和生化相互作用具有高度优势。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了微纳结构生物材料的设计，这些材料不仅旨在模仿细胞微环境的结构、特性和功能，还旨在获取关于细胞如何感知和探测来自细胞外区域的特定粘附信号的定量信息。这种类型的响应性生物界面能够实时读出力学、生物化学和电活动，从而以分子特异性观察细胞过程。我们还将讨论基于先进光学和电化学读出的专门设计的传感器。我们进一步深入探讨多功能微纳传感器通过材料设计来控制和监测细胞功能的新作用。
