Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nat Mater. 2020 Jun;19(6):590-603. doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-0679-7. Epub 2020 May 27.
Engineered systems that can serve as chronically stable, high-performance electronic recording and stimulation interfaces to the brain and other parts of the nervous system, with cellular-level resolution across macroscopic areas, are of broad interest to the neuroscience and biomedical communities. Challenges remain in the development of biocompatible materials and the design of flexible implants for these purposes, where ulimate goals are for performance attributes approaching those of conventional wafer-based technologies and for operational timescales reaching the human lifespan. This Review summarizes recent advances in this field, with emphasis on active and passive constituent materials, design architectures and integration methods that support necessary levels of biocompatibility, electronic functionality, long-term stable operation in biofluids and reliability for use in vivo. Bioelectronic systems that enable multiplexed electrophysiological mapping across large areas at high spatiotemporal resolution are surveyed, with a particular focus on those with proven chronic stability in live animal models and scalability to thousands of channels over human-brain-scale dimensions. Research in materials science will continue to underpin progress in this field of study.
用于大脑和神经系统其他部位的具有细胞级分辨率的、可长期稳定、高性能的电子记录和刺激接口的工程系统，引起了神经科学和生物医学领域的广泛关注。在为此目的开发生物相容性材料和设计柔性植入物方面仍然存在挑战，最终目标是实现接近传统基于晶圆技术的性能指标，并达到人类寿命的操作时间范围。这篇综述总结了该领域的最新进展，重点介绍了支持必要的生物相容性、电子功能、在生物流体中长期稳定运行以及在体内使用的可靠性的有源和无源组成材料、设计架构和集成方法。本文还调查了能够在高时空分辨率下对大面积进行多路复用电生理映射的生物电子系统，特别关注那些在活体动物模型中具有经过验证的慢性稳定性和可扩展到数千个通道的系统，这些通道的尺寸达到人类大脑的尺度。材料科学的研究将继续为该研究领域的进展提供支持。
