Discipline of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Laboratory of Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020 Nov 27;39:e2020007. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020007. eCollection 2020.
To evaluate the association between nutritional status, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and lifestyle in childhood with respiratory diseases during adolescence.
Prospective study conducted in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo - Brazil, as part of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). During childhood, indicators of lifestyle (body composition, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet) and family environment were measured in 2012 and 2013. After five years, participants answered the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases (asthma and/or rhinitis). Analyses were determined by logistic regression.
A total of 168 schoolchildren (56% boys) were evaluated, and the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis accounted for 15.5 and 25.6%, respectively. Whole milk consumption (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.24; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.03-1.49), having a television in the bedroom (OR=0.29; 95%CI 0.12-0.71), and attending physical education classes ≥2 times/week (OR=0.30; 95%CI 0.11-0.81) in childhood were associated with the presence of asthma in adolescence. Factors significantly associated with rhinitis were as follows: female participants (OR=2.45; 95%CI 1.20-4.98) and whole milk consumption (OR=1.21; 95%CI 1.04-1.40).
Higher consumption of whole milk, not having a television in the bedroom, few physical education classes, and being a girl were factors associated with respiratory diseases. Public policies should be directed toward a healthier lifestyle and the prevention of respiratory diseases.
评估儿童期营养状况、身体活动、久坐行为、饮食和生活方式与青少年期呼吸道疾病的关系。
本前瞻性研究在巴西圣保罗州圣卡塔琳娜市开展，是国际儿童肥胖症、生活方式与环境研究（ISCOLE）的一部分。在儿童期（2012 年和 2013 年），对生活方式（身体成分、身体活动、久坐行为、饮食）和家庭环境的指标进行了测量。五年后，参与者回答了国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）问卷，以诊断呼吸道疾病（哮喘和/或鼻炎）。分析采用逻辑回归。
共评估了 168 名（56%为男孩）学龄儿童，哮喘和鼻炎的患病率分别为 15.5%和 25.6%。儿童期全脂牛奶的摄入（比值比[OR] = 1.24；95%置信区间[95%CI] 1.03-1.49）、卧室里有电视（OR = 0.29；95%CI 0.12-0.71）和每周上体育课≥2 次（OR = 0.30；95%CI 0.11-0.81）与青少年期哮喘的发生有关。与鼻炎显著相关的因素包括：女性参与者（OR = 2.45；95%CI 1.20-4.98）和全脂牛奶的摄入（OR = 1.21；95%CI 1.04-1.40）。
全脂牛奶摄入较高、卧室里没有电视、体育课较少以及是女孩是与呼吸道疾病相关的因素。公共政策应针对更健康的生活方式和呼吸道疾病的预防。
