Developmental Disabilities Branch, Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2019 Jul;12(3):443-451. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
Developmental disabilities are present in a significant proportion of US children. Surveillance of developmental disabilities is crucial for monitoring population trends, guiding research into risk factors, and informing resource allocation.
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: We examined overall prevalence, prevalence by demographic characteristics, and trends over time for cerebral palsy (CP), intellectual disability (ID), moderate to severe hearing loss (MSHL), and blindness.
Data from the 2009-2016 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed for children 3-17 years of age. Question wording was consistent over time except for ID, which changed in 2011 to replace the term "mental retardation." Demographic differences and linear trends (over three time periods) were assessed by Chi-square tests and Wald-F tests.
Prevalence estimates per 1000 children ages 3-17 years for CP, ID, MSHL, and blindness were 3.2 (95% CI: 2.7, 3.7), 11.1 (95% CI: 10.2, 12.1), 6.4 (95% CI: 5.6, 7.2), and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.0), respectively. Disability prevalence was higher for children with low birthweight and from families of lower parental education, income ≤200% of federal poverty level, and public insurance. Older children had higher ID prevalence; boys had significantly higher CP and ID prevalences. Only ID demonstrated a significantly increased trend over time (p = 0.0002).
We provide nationally representative prevalence estimates for four developmental disabilities; recent estimates are comparable to those from records-based studies. Prevalences were stable except for ID, which increased after 2010, coincident with the questionnaire change. A substantial number of US children continue to have these disabilities and service needs.
发育障碍存在于相当一部分美国儿童中。对发育障碍进行监测对于监测人口趋势、指导风险因素研究以及为资源分配提供信息至关重要。
目的/假设：我们研究了脑瘫（CP）、智力障碍（ID）、中重度听力损失（MSHL）和失明的总体患病率、按人口统计学特征的患病率以及随时间的趋势。
对 2009-2016 年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）的数据进行了分析，纳入年龄为 3-17 岁的儿童。问题措辞在不同时期是一致的，除了 ID，它在 2011 年发生了变化，用“智力迟钝”取代了该术语。通过卡方检验和 Wald-F 检验评估人口统计学差异和线性趋势（三个时期）。
3-17 岁儿童每 1000 名儿童的 CP、ID、MSHL 和失明患病率估计值分别为 3.2（95%CI：2.7，3.7）、11.1（95%CI：10.2，12.1）、6.4（95%CI：5.6，7.2）和 1.6（95%CI：1.3，2.0）。出生体重较低、父母受教育程度较低、收入低于联邦贫困水平 200%的家庭以及公共保险的儿童残疾患病率较高。年龄较大的儿童 ID 患病率较高；男孩 CP 和 ID 的患病率显著较高。只有 ID 随时间呈现出显著增加的趋势（p=0.0002）。
我们提供了四个发育障碍的全国代表性患病率估计值；最近的估计值与基于记录的研究相似。除了 ID 之外，患病率是稳定的，ID 在 2010 年后增加，这与问卷变化一致。相当多的美国儿童仍然存在这些残疾和服务需求。
