Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2021 Feb;1868(2):118916. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118916. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Different animal species have different characteristics regarding the transmission of mitochondrial DNA. While some species have biparental mitochondrial inheritance, others have developed pathways to remove paternal mtDNA. These pathways guarantee the uniparental mitochondrial inheritance, so far well known in mammals, avoiding heteroplasmy, which may have the potential to cause certain mitochondrial diseases in the offspring.
This review aims to address the main mechanisms that involve mitochondrial degradation in different animal species, as well as to describe what is present in the literature on the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial inheritance.
Two theories are proposed to explain the uniparental inheritance of mtDNA: (i) active degradation, where mechanisms for paternal mitochondrial DNA elimination involve mitochondrial degradation pathway by autophagy and, in some species, may also involve the endocytic degradation pathway; and (ii) passive dilution, where the paternal mitochondria are diluted in the cells of the embryo according to cell division, until becoming undetectable.
This work brings a wide review of the already published evidence on mitochondrial inheritance in the animal kingdom and the possible mechanisms to mtDNA transmission already described in literature.
不同的动物物种在传递线粒体 DNA 方面具有不同的特征。一些物种具有双亲性的线粒体遗传，而另一些物种则发展出了去除父系 mtDNA 的途径。这些途径保证了迄今为止在哺乳动物中广为人知的单亲线粒体遗传，避免了异质性，异质性可能导致后代出现某些线粒体疾病。
本综述旨在探讨不同动物物种中线粒体降解所涉及的主要机制，并描述文献中关于线粒体遗传所涉及的机制的研究现状。
有两种理论被提出来解释 mtDNA 的单亲遗传：（i）主动降解，其中涉及父系线粒体 DNA 消除的机制包括自噬途径的线粒体降解途径，在某些物种中，还可能涉及内吞降解途径；（ii）被动稀释，其中根据细胞分裂，父系线粒体在胚胎细胞中被稀释，直到变得无法检测。
这项工作广泛综述了动物王国中线粒体遗传的已发表证据，以及文献中已经描述的 mtDNA 传递的可能机制。
