Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
BMJ Glob Health. 2020 Dec;5(12). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002216.
Women with disabilities experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) than women without disabilities. There remains limited evidence about whether IPV prevention interventions for the general population have benefits for women with disabilities that compare to those for women without disabilities. Using data from IPV prevention randomised controlled trials in diverse locations (Rwanda, South Africa and Afghanistan), we assess whether outcomes differed by disability status.
We assessed disability at baseline in three IPV prevention trials. We performed post-hoc analysis of intervention impacts at endline (22 or 24 months post-baseline) stratified by disability status at study baseline and tested an interaction term for disability at baseline by intervention arm for three sets of outcomes: (1) past year experiences of physical, sexual and severe IPV; (2) economic and livelihood outcomes; and (3) health, mental health and substance use outcomes.
At baseline between 17.7% and 26.2% of women reported being disabled. For IPV prevention, in seven out of eight tests across three studies, women with and without disabilities had similar outcomes. For economic, health and substance use outcomes, there was more variation, with women with disabilities reporting both better and worse outcomes than women without disabilities; however there was no clear pattern in these differential results.
IPV prevention programmes targeting general populations can prevent IPV among women with disabilities participants with benefits that mirror those for women without disabilities. Benefits for participants with and without disabilities on secondary programme outcomes related to economic empowerment and health may be more varied and should be explicitly monitored.
与非残疾女性相比，残疾女性遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的比例更高。目前，关于针对普通人群的 IPV 预防干预措施对残疾女性是否比对非残疾女性更有益的证据有限。本研究利用来自不同地点（卢旺达、南非和阿富汗）的 IPV 预防随机对照试验的数据，评估残疾状况是否会影响干预效果。
我们在三项 IPV 预防试验中在基线时评估了残疾状况。我们根据基线时的残疾状况对干预效果进行了事后分析（基线后 22 或 24 个月），并对残疾状况与干预组之间的交互项进行了测试，针对三组结局进行了测试：（1）过去一年中经历的身体、性和严重的 IPV；（2）经济和生计结果；（3）健康、心理健康和物质使用结果。
在基线时，17.7%至 26.2%的女性报告存在残疾。对于 IPV 预防，在三项研究中的七项测试中，残疾女性和非残疾女性的结果相似。对于经济、健康和物质使用结果，存在更多的差异，残疾女性报告的结果比非残疾女性更好和更差；然而，这些差异结果没有明显的模式。
针对普通人群的 IPV 预防计划可以预防残疾女性参与者遭受 IPV，其益处与非残疾女性相同。与经济赋权和健康相关的次级项目结果对参与者（残疾和非残疾）的益处可能更加多样化，应明确监测。
