Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, Spain.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Feb 15;281:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.099. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
The aim of this study was to evaluate potential differences about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown between community controls (CC) and patients with a mental illness (MI) in a Spanish population during the state of emergency.
Individuals with a psychiatric condition and the general population were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Bivariate analyses were used to compare them in a broad range of measures: sociodemographic, clinical variables, behavioral changes related to the lockdown and coping strategies to face it. Two groups of different psychiatric disorders were compared: depression or anxiety disorders (D+A) versus bipolar disorder and schizophrenia related disorders (BD+SCZ).
413 CC and 206 MI were included in the study. CC reported to use more adaptive coping strategies as following a routine, talking to friends/relatives, practicing physical exercise and maintaining a balanced diet. MI reported significantly more anxiety and depression symptoms during the lockdown when compared to CC. Gaining weight, sleep changes, and tobacco consumption were more prevalent in the MI group. The D+A group showed significantly more psychological distress and negative expectations about the future, suffered more sleep disturbances when compared to BD+SCZ, whilst reported to practice more exercise.
psychiatric disorders were self-reported.
Imposed restrictions and uncertainty during confinement had a higher psychological impact in individuals with a psychiatric illness, with less healthy behavior strategies to face the situation. Developing interventions to mitigate negative mental health outcomes among this vulnerable population will be essential in the coming months.
本研究旨在评估在紧急状态下，西班牙人群中，COVID-19 大流行和封锁对社区对照者（CC）和精神疾病患者（MI）的影响是否存在差异。
邀请患有精神疾病的个体和一般人群完成匿名在线调查。使用双变量分析比较他们在广泛的措施方面的差异：社会人口统计学、临床变量、与封锁相关的行为变化和应对策略。比较了两组不同的精神障碍：抑郁或焦虑障碍（D+A）与双相情感障碍和精神分裂症相关障碍（BD+SCZ）。
研究纳入了 413 名 CC 和 206 名 MI。CC 报告说，在封锁期间，他们使用了更多的适应性应对策略，如遵循常规、与朋友/亲戚交谈、进行体育锻炼和保持均衡饮食。与 CC 相比，MI 在封锁期间报告了更多的焦虑和抑郁症状。MI 组体重增加、睡眠变化和吸烟更为普遍。D+A 组表现出明显更多的心理困扰和对未来的负面预期，与 BD+SCZ 相比，睡眠障碍更为严重，而报告的锻炼更多。
精神障碍是自我报告的。
在禁闭期间，强制限制和不确定性对精神疾病患者的心理影响更大，应对这种情况的健康行为策略更少。在未来几个月，为缓解这一脆弱人群的负面心理健康后果而制定干预措施将至关重要。
