Huang Haiyan, Shang Jinmeng, Wang Shuning
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Nov 12;11:598207. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598207. eCollection 2020.
Nicotine is a major -heterocyclic aromatic alkaloid produced in tobacco plants and the main toxic chemical in tobacco waste. Due to its complex physiological effects and toxicity, it has become a concern both in terms of public health and the environment. A number of bacteria belonging to the genera and can degrade nicotine the pyridine and pyrrollidine pathways. Recently, a novel hybrid of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways (also known as the VPP pathway) was found in the group bacteria S33, sp. HZN7 and sp. SJY1 as well as in other group bacteria. The special mosaic pathway has attracted much attention from microbiologists in terms of the study of their molecular and biochemical mechanisms. This will benefit the development of new biotechnologies in terms of the use of nicotine, the enzymes involved in its catabolism, and the microorganisms capable of degrading the alkaloid. In this pathway, some metabolites are hydroxylated in the pyridine ring or modified in the side chain with active groups, which can be used as precursors for the synthesis of some important compounds in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Moreover, some enzymes may be used for industrial biocatalysis to transform pyridine derivatives into desired chemicals. Here, we review the molecular and biochemical basis of the hybrid nicotine-degrading pathway and discuss the electron transport in its oxidative degradation for energy conservation and bacterial growth.
尼古丁是烟草植物中产生的一种主要的杂环芳香族生物碱，也是烟草废弃物中的主要有毒化学物质。由于其复杂的生理效应和毒性，它在公共卫生和环境方面都引起了关注。一些属于特定属的细菌可以通过吡啶和吡咯烷途径降解尼古丁。最近，在特定菌群的细菌S33、特定种的HZN7和特定种的SJY1以及其他菌群的细菌中发现了一种新的吡啶和吡咯烷途径的杂合途径（也称为VPP途径）。就其分子和生化机制的研究而言，这种特殊的镶嵌途径引起了微生物学家的广泛关注。这将有利于在尼古丁的利用、其分解代谢所涉及的酶以及能够降解生物碱的微生物方面开发新的生物技术。在这条途径中，一些代谢产物在吡啶环中被羟基化或在侧链上被带有活性基团的物质修饰，这些代谢产物可以用作制药和农业工业中一些重要化合物合成的前体。此外，一些酶可用于工业生物催化，将吡啶衍生物转化为所需的化学物质。在此，我们综述了杂合尼古丁降解途径的分子和生化基础，并讨论了其氧化降解过程中的电子传递，以实现能量守恒和细菌生长。
