Najafian Sharareh, Afshar Mahmoud, Radi Mohsen
Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Horticultural Science, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran.
Chem Biodivers. 2022 Oct;19(10):e202200536. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202200536. Epub 2022 Oct 1.
Acknowledging the importance of medicinal compounds, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in plants and human health; understanding the best time to harvest plants to get the most potentially therapeutic biological activity; and predicting and controlling the quality of medicinal plants are very useful. The rich chemical composition of medicinal lavender, as well as its antioxidant activity, has led to its wide application in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. In the current research, seasonal differences in phenolic content; the main constituents of essential oil, essential oil yield, and antioxidant activity; and flavonoid content were evaluated. In this investigation, for all the investigated factors, three replications were considered as completely randomized designs. The predominant natural components were α-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, camphor, borneol, cryptone, isobornyl formate, cumin aldehyde, carvone, caryophyllene oxide, and epi-α-cadinol. The highest rate of 1,8-cineole was seen in summer, while camphor and borneol showed their highest percentages in the cold season. Some of the compounds such as caryophyllene oxide, isobornyl formate, and cumin aldehyde showed their highest amounts in the spring with the activation of some important plant enzymes such as peroxidase. The total content of flavonoids and some phenolic compounds (coumarin and p-coumaric acid) increased when plants received sunlight for a longer time than in the colder to warmer seasons. On the other hand, increases in chlorogenic acid and vanillin were observed in spring. Also, the highest antioxidant activity was observed in lavender, which was accompanied by an increase in the important phenolic composition of rosmarinic acid in the cold season. Generally, this investigation provides beneficial evidence about the most appropriate harvest time for lavender to produce the most favorable constituents for optimization in food, pharmaceutical, and herbal products.
认识到药用化合物、黄酮类化合物和酚酸在植物和人类健康中的重要性；了解收获植物以获得最具潜在治疗生物活性的最佳时间；以及预测和控制药用植物的质量非常有用。药用薰衣草丰富的化学成分及其抗氧化活性，使其在制药、化妆品和食品工业中得到广泛应用。在当前的研究中，评估了酚类含量的季节差异；精油的主要成分、精油产量和抗氧化活性；以及黄酮类含量。在这项调查中，对于所有研究因素，三个重复被视为完全随机设计。主要的天然成分是α-蒎烯、莰烯、1,8-桉叶素、柠檬烯、樟脑、冰片、隐酮、异龙脑甲酸酯、枯茗醛、香芹酮、氧化石竹烯和表-α-杜松醇。1,8-桉叶素的最高含量出现在夏季，而樟脑和冰片在寒冷季节的含量最高。一些化合物，如氧化石竹烯、异龙脑甲酸酯和枯茗醛，在春季随着过氧化物酶等一些重要植物酶的激活而含量最高。当植物接受阳光照射的时间比寒冷到温暖季节更长时，黄酮类化合物和一些酚类化合物（香豆素和对香豆酸）的总含量会增加。另一方面，春季绿原酸和香草醛的含量有所增加。此外，薰衣草中观察到最高的抗氧化活性，同时在寒冷季节迷迭香酸这一重要酚类成分增加。总体而言，这项调查为薰衣草最适宜的收获时间提供了有益证据，以便在食品、制药和草药产品中生产出最有利的成分用于优化。
