Assari Shervin
Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Information (Basel). 2020 Nov;11(11). doi: 10.3390/info11110538. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
While increased household income is associated with overall decreased screen time for children, less is known about the effect of racial variation on this association. According to Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, family income and other economic resources show weaker association with children's developmental, behavioral, and health outcomes for racialized groups such as black families, due to the effect of racism and social stratification. In this study, we investigated the association, by race, between family income and children's screen time, as a proxy of screen time. This longitudinal study followed 15,022 American children aged 9-11 over a 1-year period. The data came from the baseline of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was family income, and it was categorized as a three-level nominal variable. The dependent variable, screen time, was a continuous variable. Ethnicity, gender, parental education, and marital status were the covariates. The results showed that family income was inversely associated with children's screen time. However, there was a weaker inverse association seen in black families when compared with white families. This was documented by a significant statistical interaction between race and family income on children's screen time. Diminished association between family income and children's screen time for black families, compared with white families, is similar to MDRs and reflects a health risk to high-income black children. In a society where race and skin color determine opportunities and treatment by society, children from middle class black families remain at risk across multiple domains. We should not assume that income similarly promotes the health of all racial and ethnic groups. Addressing health and behavioral inequalities requires interventions that go beyond equalizing socioeconomic resources for black families. Marginalization, racism, and poverty interfere with the normal family income-related development of American children.
虽然家庭收入增加与儿童总体屏幕使用时间减少有关，但种族差异对这种关联的影响却鲜为人知。根据少数群体收益递减（MDRs）理论，由于种族主义和社会分层的影响，家庭收入和其他经济资源与黑人家庭等种族化群体儿童的发育、行为和健康结果之间的关联较弱。在本研究中，我们调查了按种族划分的家庭收入与儿童屏幕使用时间之间的关联，以此作为屏幕使用时间的替代指标。这项纵向研究在1年时间里跟踪了15,022名9至11岁的美国儿童。数据来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的基线。自变量是家庭收入，它被分类为一个三级名义变量。因变量屏幕使用时间是一个连续变量。种族、性别、父母教育程度和婚姻状况是协变量。结果表明，家庭收入与儿童屏幕使用时间呈负相关。然而，与白人家庭相比，黑人家庭中这种负相关较弱。这通过种族和家庭收入对儿童屏幕使用时间的显著统计交互作用得到了证明。与白人家庭相比，黑人家庭中家庭收入与儿童屏幕使用时间之间的关联减弱，这与少数群体收益递减理论相似，反映了高收入黑人儿童面临的健康风险。在一个种族和肤色决定社会机会和待遇的社会中，来自中产阶级黑人家庭的儿童在多个领域仍然面临风险。我们不应假设收入能同样促进所有种族和族裔群体的健康。解决健康和行为不平等问题需要采取超越为黑人家庭均衡社会经济资源的干预措施。边缘化、种族主义和贫困干扰了美国儿童与家庭收入相关的正常发展。
