Anil Aiswarya, Sadasivan Arun, Koshi Elizabeth
Resident, Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020 Sep 28;10(5):634-642. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_263_20. eCollection 2020 Sep-Oct.
Periodontal regeneration involves using a variety of bone graft substitutes (BGS) of varying origin and manufacturing processes. These include a wide range of biomaterials that are mainly of two types: the xenografts and alloplasts. The efficacy of these BGS depends upon the physical characteristics such as particle size, porous nature, surface morphology, as well as the chemical characteristics like composition, crystallinity and resorption properties.
The present study is a descriptive study that focuses on describing the physicochemical characteristics of five selected commercially available BGS that are frequently used in periodontal regeneration procedures. The BGS studied here included two xenografts (colocast and osseograft) and three alloplasts (B-OstIN, biograft HABG active and biograft HT).
The physical properties of the BGS, including particle size, morphology, and surface topography, were analyzed using SEM. The mineral phases and crystallinity of the BGS were analyzed using XRD.
The results showed that the xenografts (colocast and osseograft) had minimal mineral composition and crystalline structure. The physical properties such as surface roughness and porosity were less compared to alloplastic materials. The alloplasts (B-OstIN, biograft HABG and biograft HT) that had different chemical compositions showed varying physical and crystalline properties. Biograft HT showed a superior porous scaffold architecture among all BGS studied.
It is important for a clinician to have a thorough understanding about the physicochemical characteristics of BGS they use in periodontal regeneration. The xenografts evaluated here had minimal physical and crystalline properties. Among the alloplasts studied, biograft HT showed superior physicochemical properties, while the presence of bioactive glass in biograft HABG enhanced regeneration.
牙周组织再生涉及使用多种来源和制造工艺各异的骨移植替代物（BGS）。这些包括种类繁多的生物材料，主要分为两类：异种移植物和人工合成材料。这些BGS的疗效取决于物理特性，如粒径、多孔性质、表面形态，以及化学特性，如组成、结晶度和吸收特性。
本研究是一项描述性研究，重点描述五种常用于牙周再生手术的市售BGS的物理化学特性。这里研究的BGS包括两种异种移植物（colocast和骨移植）和三种人工合成材料（B - OstIN、生物移植HABG活性型和生物移植HT）。
使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析BGS的物理性质，包括粒径、形态和表面形貌。使用X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析BGS的矿物相和结晶度。
结果表明，异种移植物（colocast和骨移植）的矿物成分和晶体结构最少。与人工合成材料相比，其表面粗糙度和孔隙率等物理性质较小。具有不同化学成分的人工合成材料（B - OstIN、生物移植HABG和生物移植HT）表现出不同的物理和晶体性质。在所有研究的BGS中，生物移植HT显示出优越的多孔支架结构。
临床医生全面了解他们在牙周再生中使用的BGS的物理化学特性非常重要。这里评估的异种移植物的物理和晶体性质最少。在所研究的人工合成材料中，生物移植HT表现出优越的物理化学性质，而生物移植HABG中生物活性玻璃的存在增强了再生效果。
