Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jun;37(11-12):NP8479-NP8506. doi: 10.1177/0886260520977836. Epub 2020 Dec 6.
Recommendations to routinely question patients about violence victimization have been around for many years; nonetheless, many patients suffering in the aftermath of violence go unnoticed in health care. The main aim of this study was to explore characteristics associated with being asked about experiences of violence in health care and thereby making visible victims that go unnoticed. In this study, we used cross-sectional survey data from 754 men (response rate 35%) and 749 women (response rate 38%) collected at random from the Swedish population, age 25-85. Questions were asked about experiences of emotional, physical, and sexual violence from both family, partner, and other perpetrators. Only 13.1% of those reporting some form of victimization reported ever being asked about experiences of violence in health care. Low subjective social status was associated with being asked questions (adj OR 2.23) but not with victimization, possibly indicating prejudice believes among providers concerning who can be a victim of violence. Other factors associated with increased odds of being asked questions were: being a woman (adj OR 2.09), young age (24-44 years, adj OR 6.90), having been treated for depression (adj OR 2.45) or depression and anxiety (adj OR 2.19) as well as reporting physical violence (adj OR 2.74) or polyvictimization (adj OR 2.85). The main finding of the study was that only few victims had been asked questions. For example, among those reporting ≥4 visits to a primary care physician during the past 12 months, 43% reported some form of victimization but only 6% had been asked questions. Our findings underline the importance of continuing to improve the health care response offered to victims of violence.
建议医生常规询问患者是否遭受过暴力侵害已有多年，但许多在暴力事件后遭受痛苦的患者在医疗保健中仍未被发现。本研究的主要目的是探讨与在医疗保健中询问暴力经历相关的特征，从而发现那些未被注意到的受害者。在这项研究中，我们使用了从瑞典人群中随机抽取的 754 名男性（回应率为 35%）和 749 名女性（回应率为 38%）的横断面调查数据，年龄在 25-85 岁之间。问题涉及到来自家庭、伴侣和其他施害者的情感、身体和性暴力经历。只有 13.1%报告遭受过某种形式的暴力侵害的人报告曾在医疗保健中被询问过暴力经历。低主观社会地位与被询问问题相关（调整后的优势比 2.23），但与受害无关，这可能表明提供者中存在有关谁可能成为暴力受害者的偏见。与增加被询问问题几率相关的其他因素包括：女性（调整后的优势比 2.09）、年轻（24-44 岁，调整后的优势比 6.90）、曾因抑郁（调整后的优势比 2.45）或抑郁和焦虑（调整后的优势比 2.19）接受治疗以及报告身体暴力（调整后的优势比 2.74）或多起受害经历（调整后的优势比 2.85）。本研究的主要发现是，只有少数受害者被询问过问题。例如，在过去 12 个月内报告至少 4 次去初级保健医生就诊的人中，43%报告遭受过某种形式的暴力，但只有 6%被询问过。我们的研究结果强调了继续改进为暴力受害者提供的医疗保健反应的重要性。
